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Latin American Independence, image - Coggle Diagram
Latin American Independence
The consequences of independence
The consequences of Latin American independence were disastrous for Spain.
The loss of the American colonies dramatically reduced Spain's international prestige and power.
The Spanish economy suffered, especially the Catalan manufacturing industry, as Spain lost its trade monopoly over the American colonies.
Spain lost its hegemony over Latin America.
The consequences for the new South American countries were different.
New countries were formed, such as Venezuela, Argentina and Mexico. They became independent republics.
Most of the new republics now came under the influence of Great Britain.
The Creole bourgeoisie gained the political and economic power it had been fighting for.
The establishment of free trade damaged the economies of many countries
During the Spanish War of Independence, the process that led to the independence of Spain's American colonies began.
Causes of independence
the American Revolution, the French Revolution and the Spanish War of Independence encouraged some of the colonists to fight for their own freedom.
the influence of Enlightenment ideas, which were brought to America by Creole students
the Creole bourgeoisie wanted political and economic control of the colonies and an end to their dependence on Spain when it came to trade.
Great Britain gave financial assistance to the supporters of independence because they wanted to end Spain's dominance of trade with America.
The secuence of events
The independence movements began during the Spanish War of Independence, when the colonies refused to accept Joseph I as King of Spain.
As in Spain, the colonists created councils (juntas), which removed the colonial authorities and governed in the name of Fernando VII.
In 1810 the idea of independance began to spread
In the Viceroyalty of New Spain (Mexico), a priest called Hidalgo led a social uprising of Indians and mestizos against the Spanish authorities in 1810.
In the Viceroyalty of New Granada (Santa Fe de Bogotá) and the Captaincy General of Venezuela, Simón Bolívar led a liberal bourgeois
Argentina
Uruguay
Chile
Viceroyalty of Peru
When Fernando VII returned to the throne, he sent troops to America to end the revolts.
The military victories of José de San Martín and the Chilean General O'Higgins at Chacabuco (1817) and Maipú (1818) led to Chile's independence.
Simón Bolívar defeated the Spanish at Carabobo (1821) and Pichincha (1822).
The military victory of General Sucre at Ayacucho (1824) led to the independence of Peru and Bolivia (which was named after Simón Bolívar).
During the first half of the 19th century, all of Spain's American colonies gained their independence, except for Cuba and Puerto Rico.
