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SPAIN: THE RESTORATION, LIBERALISM AND DEMOCRATIC IDEAS, image, image,…
SPAIN: THE RESTORATION, LIBERALISM AND DEMOCRATIC IDEAS
The reign of isabel II
Absolutism ended in Spain
She established a liberal constitutional monarchy
although it had its own special features
with the reign of Isabel II
The crown retained power
This was called shared sovereignty
but this power was shared with the Cortes
which the crown could call and dissolve
Various constitutions were approved
There was limited male suffrage throughout Isabel II's reign
depending on which party was in government:
Moderate constitution in 1845
Progressive constitution in 1837
The queen was supported by the liberal political parties
Isabel favoured the Moderates
who governed for most of her reign
the Moderates and the Progressives
The military participated actively in
also leading military revolts to acquire more power
politics
as heads of government and ministers
The reign of fernando VII
After the defeat of Napoleon
Joseph I was forced to leave Spain and Fernando VII returned
in the Spanish War of Independence
phases:
The liberal phase
Fernando VII was forced
to reinstate the Constitution of 1812
to guarantee the freedoms
that had been suppressed during the previous phase
In 1820
a coup led by Riego and Quiroga succeeded
a period of political instability followed
as some liberals organised military coups
designed to overthrow absolutism
1820–1823
The ominous decade
There were more liberal revolts
but none of them succeeded
Fernando VII
persecuted the liberals
re-established the absolute monarchy
They sent a French army, the '100 000 Sons of St Louis'
who defeated the liberals
in 1823 Fernando VII asked
the Holy Alliance for assistance
1823–1833
The absolutist phase
Fernando VII agreed with the absolutists' demands,
so he dismissed the Cortes,
abolished the Constitution of 1812
re-established absolute monarchy
The Cádiz Cortes
hoped he would uphold the Constitution of 1812
while the absolutists wanted a return to the Ancien Régime
as outlined in the 'Persian Manifesto'
at the start
Fernando VII enjoyed the support of the Spanish people
the Cádiz Cortes and the absolutists
1814–1820
In the 19th century
Spain experienced similar political processes
During the reign of Fernando VII
absolutism was restored
under Isabel II
there was a liberal period
Finally
there was a brief democratic phase
when Spain became a republic
The democratic sexinium
three different phases:
The constitutional monarchy
1871 –1873
Amadeo of Savoy
the son of the Italian king, Victor Emmanuel II
was named King Amadeo I of Spain
During his reign
1872–1876
the third Carlist War began
because the provisional government had not chosen the Carlist candidate
Carlos VII, as king
The First Republic
when Amadeo I abdicated
the Cortes proclaimed Spain a republic
1873–1874
This was the first time that Spain was not ruled by a monarch
the main problem the republic faced
They disagreed on the type of republic they wanted
There were various alternatives:
federal republic
divided into 17 federal states
centralised / unitary, republic
in which the central government would control
all the political and administrative institutions
was the divisions among the Republicans.
The provisional government
1868–1870
General Serrano
who was regent
called the Constituent Cortes
looked for a new king for Spain who was not a Bourbon
General Prim
who was the head of the government
The Constitution of 1869
Spain's most democratic constitution
it introduced:
universal manhood suffrage
freedom of religion
guaranteed a range of other rights and freedom
It also established a constitutional monarchy
In 1868
a military revolt began in Cádiz
led by:
Admiral Topet
Generals Prim
Serrano
The uprising
known as the Glorious Revolution
was well supported in all the major cities in Spain
It was successful
and Isabel II was forced into exile
A provisional government was established
a new political period began
known as the Democratic Sexennium
This was the first attempt to establish
a democratic political system in Spain
