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Spain: The Restoration, liberalism and democratic ideas - Coggle Diagram
Spain: The Restoration, liberalism and democratic ideas
19th century
Spain experienced
similar political processes to the rest of Europe
During the reign of
Fernando VII
absolutism was restored
Isabel II
there was a liberal period
when Spain became a republic
there was a brief democratic phase
THE REIGN OF FERNANDO VII (1814–1833)
After the defeat of Napoleon
in the Spanish War of Independence
Joseph I
was forced to leave Spain
and Fernando VII returned
His reign
divided into three phases
based on the events that took place in each
The liberal phase
from 1820 to 1823
a period of political instability
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In 1820
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The ominous decade
from 1823 to 1833
in 1823
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The absolutist phase
from 1814 to 1820
Fernando VII
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THE REIGN OF ISABEL II
Absolutism ended in Spain
with the reign of Isabel II
she established
a liberal constitutional monarchy
it had its own special features
The crown retained power
this power was shared with
the Cortes
which the crown could call and dissolve
this was shared sovereignty
The queen was supported by the liberal political parties
the Moderates
Isabel favoured them
who governed for most of her reign
the Progressives
Various constitutions were approved
depending on which party was in government
Progressive constitution in 1837
Moderate constitution in 1845
there was limited male suffrage
throughout Isabel II's reign
The military participated actively in politics
as
ministers
heads of government
leading military revolts
to acquire more power
The regency period
From 1833 to 1843
when Isabel was a minor
two regents governed in her name
General Espartero
he was a Progressive
María Cristina Bourbon
her mother
first Carlist War took place
from 1833 to 1839
caused because because Fernando VII's brother
Carlos
claimed the throne
he did't accept
the Pragmatic Sanction
Isabel II as queen
Carlos was supported by
the absolutists
those who supported the fueros
the church
Navarra
Vascongadas
Aragón
Cataluña
Isabel II was supported by
The liberals
in exchange for
the government becoming more liberal
the monarchy changed from absolute to liberal
In 1839
the Convention of Vergara was signed
Isabel was recognised as Queen of Spain
she agreed to respect
the fueros of Navarra
Vascongadas
Carlos did not accept the treaty
his son
Carlos Luis Bourbon
continued to fight for his right to the Spanish crown
The majority of Isabel II
In 1843
Isabel II
reached the age of majority
she was only 13 years old
Important features of Isabell II's reign
the alternation in power between
the Moderates
Progressives
These governments were led by a military figure
such as
Narvaez
O'Donnell
Generals Espartero
the second Carlist War
from 1846 to 1849
caused by Isabel II's refusal to marry Carlos Luis Bourbon
If they had married
if they had married
the war ended with the defeat of the Carlists
Spain's division into 49 provinces
the Civil Guard was created
to maintain order in rural areas
in 1855
a railway law was introduced
to improve transport
social instability
caused by
discontent among the peasants over poor working conditions
there was tension between
factory owners
over increasing
unemployment
low wages
workers
expropiations to solve Spain's economic problems
by
paying the state's debt
the nobility
breaking up large estates belonging to the church
municipalities that were unproductive
municipalities that were unproductive
the crown
hoped this policy
would create a new class of landowners
would create a new class of landowners
The crisis and the end of Isabel II's reign
Isabel II's public image was damaged
by a number of political problems
the manipulation of election results
by successive governments
the emergence of new political parties
who opposed the monarchy
these political parties
the Democrats
who believed in universal manhood suffrage
the Republicans
who wanted Spain to be a republic
In the last years of Isabel II's reign
there was an economic crisis
caused by
poor harvests
which caused the stock market to crash
a halt in railway construction
as a result
unemployment increased
many small and medium investors were ruined
political and economic situation
caused extensive social unrest
THE DEMOCRATIC SEXENNIUM (1868–1874)
In 1868
a military revolt began in Cádiz
led by
Admiral Topete
Generals
Prim
Serrano
known as
the Glorious Revolution
well supported in all the major cities in Spain
it was successful
Isabel II was forced into exile
a provisional government was established
a new political period began
the Democratic Sexennium
the first attempt to establish a democratic political system in Spain
this period is divided in three different phases
The provisional government
from 1868 to 1870
General Serrano
who was regent
General Prim
the head of the government
looked for a new king for Spain
who was not a Bourbon
who was not a Bourbon
the Constituent Cortes
to write a new constitution
The Constitution of 1869
was 19th-century Spain's most democratic constitution
it introduced
universal manhood suffrage
freedom of religion
it guaranteed
a range of other rights
freedoms
it established
a constitutional monarchy
The constitutional monarchy
from 1871 to 1873
Amadeo of Savoy
the son of the Italian king, Victor Emmanuel II
was named King Amadeo I of Spain
during his reign
the third Carlist War began
from 1872 to 1876
because the provisional government
had not chosen the Carlist candidate
Carlos VII
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in the end
he abdicated because he faced opposition from
the Republicans
the supporters of Alfonso
Isabel II's son
The First Republic
from 1873 to 1874
when Amadeo I abdicated
the Cortes
proclaimed Spain a republic
the first time
Spain
was not ruled by a monarch
it faced many problems
The third Carlist War continued
Alfonso's supporters rejected the republic
revolts
Levante in
Murcia in
Andalucía in
that demanded the creation of a federal republic
the main problem
the divisions among the Republicans
they disagreed on the type of republic they wanted
various alternatives
federal republic
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centralised, or unitary, republic
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This caused
so much political instability in the republic
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they were working on a new constitution
they did not have time to have it approved
before General Pavia
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