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Spain: The Restoration, liberalism and democratic ideas, image - Coggle…

- - - - In 1839, the Convention of Vergara was signed. In this treaty, Isabel was recognised as Queen of Spain, and she agreed to respect the fueros of Navarra and Vascongadas.
      - From 1833 to 1843 Isabel was a minor, her mother Maria Cristina Bourbon, and General Espartero who was a Progressive.
      - The first Carlist War (1833–1839) took place because Fernando VII's brother Carlos claimed the throne, and did not accept either the Pragmatic Sanction or Isabel II as queen.
    - - In 1843 Isabel II reached the age of majority
        
        the alternation in power between the Moderates and Progressives.
        
        the second Carlist War (1846–1849). The war was caused by Isabel II's refusal to marry Carlos Luis Bourbon, the Carlist claimant.
        
        Spain's division into 49 provinces.
        
        social instability caused by discontent among the peasants over poor working conditions.
        
        expropiations that aimed to solve Spain's economic problems by paying the state's debt and breaking up large estates (latifundios) belonging to the church, the nobility and municipalities that were unproductive and did not pay tax.
    - - Isabel II's public image was damaged by a number of political problems.
      - These included the manipulation of election results by successive governments, and the emergence of new political parties who opposed the monarchy.
      - In the last years of Isabel II's reign there was also a major economic crisis.
      - These political parties were the Democrats, who believed in universal manhood suffrage, and the Republicans, who wanted Spain to be a republic.
- - - - General Serrano, who was regent, and General Prim, who was the head of the government, looked for a new king for Spain who was not a Bourbon.
      - The Constitution of 1869 was 19th-century Spain's most democratic constitution.
    - - During his reign, the third Carlist War (1872–1876) began because the provisional government had not chosen the Carlist candidate, Carlos VII, as king.
      - Amadeo of Savoy, the son of the Italian king, Victor Emmanuel II, was named King Amadeo I of Spain.
      - In the end Amadeo abdicated
    - - They disagreed on the type of republic they wanted. There were various alternatives:
        
        a federal republic, divided into 17 federal states
        
        a centralised, or unitary, republic, in which the central government would control all the political and administrative institutions.
      - The first time that Spain wasn't ruled by a monarch
      - when Amadeo I abdicated, the Cortes proclaimed Spain a republic.
      - The First Republic faced many problems.
      - However, the main problem the republic faced was the divisions among the Republicans.
      - The Republicans were working on a new constitution, but they did not have time to have it approved before General Pavia entered the Cortes in January 1874 and dissolved it.
      - This caused so much political instability in the republic that there were four different presidents in one year: Figueras, Pi y Margall, Salmerón and Castelar.