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SPAIN: THE RESTORATION, LIBERALISM AND DEMOCRATIC IDEAS - Coggle Diagram
SPAIN: THE RESTORATION, LIBERALISM AND DEMOCRATIC IDEAS
Spain
the 19th century
similar political processes to the rest of Europe
absolutism
the reign of Fernando VII
liberal period
under Isabel II
democratic phase
when Spain became a republic
THE REIGN OF FERNANDO VII (1814–1833)
Fernando VII reing
The liberal phase (1820–1823)
period of political instability
some liberals organised military coups
to overthrow absolutism
a coup led by Riego and Quiroga succeeded
Fernando VII was forced to reinstate the Constitution of 1812
The ominous decade (1823–1833)
Fernando VII
asked the Holy Alliance for assistance
sent a French army
defeated the liberals
re-established the absolute monarchy
persecuted the liberals
no liberal revolts succeded
The absolutist phase (1814–1820)
Fernando VII enjoyed
support of the Spanish people
Cádiz Cortes
hoped he would uphold the Constitution of 1812
abolished the Constitution of 1812
re-established absolute monarchy
absolutists
wanted a return to the Ancien Régime
At the end...
Fernando VII proclaimed his Pragmatic Sanction
replaced Salic law
his daughter Isabel became queen
angered Fernando's brother Carlos
THE REIGN OF ISABEL II
Absolutism ended in Spain
She established a liberal constitutional monarchy
own special features
queen was supported by the liberal political parties
Moderates
favoured them
Progressives
Various constitutions were approved
Progressive constitution in 1837
Moderate constitution in 1845
limited male suffrage
crown retained power
was shared with the Cortes
shared sovereignty
The military
participated actively in politics
heads of government and ministers
also leading military revolts
The regency period
first Carlist War (1833–1839)
Fernando VII's brother Carlos claimed the throne
supported by by the absolutists and by those who supported the fueros
Navarra
Vascongadas
The church
Aragon
Cataluña
liberals supported Isabel II
the government become more liberal
the Convention of Vergara
1839
Isabel was recognised as Queen of Spain
Carlos did not accept the treaty
From 1833 to 1843
Isabel was still a minor
two regents governed in her name
her mother, María Cristina Bourbon
General Espartero a progressive
Carlist War took place
monarchy changed from absolute to liberal
The majority of Isabel II
reached the age of majority whit 13 years
features of her reign
Spain's division into 49 provinces
Spain's division into 49 provinces
social instability
by discontent among the peasants
poor working conditions
tension between workers and factory owners
second Carlist War (1846–1849)
caused by Isabel II's refusal to marry Carlos Luis Bourbon
The war ended with the defeat of the Carlists
Spain's economic problem
paying the state's debt and breaking up large estates
nobility and municipalities that were unproductive
did not pay tax
the crown hoped
this policy would create a new class of landowners
support the liberal regime
alternation in power
between
Progressives
Moderates
The crisis and the end of Isabel II's reign
Isabel II's public image was damaged
political problems
manipulation of election results
by successive governments
emergence of new political parties
opposed the monarchy
the Democrats
believed in universal manhood suffrage
Republicans
a major economic crisis
caused by poor harvests
a halt in railway construction
unemployment increased
small and medium investors were ruined
extensive social unrest
THE DEMOCRATIC SEXENNIUM (1868–1874)
three different phases
The constitutional monarchy (1871 –1873)
Amadeo of Savoy
was named king of spain
abdicated
he faced opposition
third Carlist War (1872–1876) began
the provisional government
didn't chose Carlos VII as king
The First Republic (1873–1874)
the Cortes proclaimed Spain a republic
first time that Spain was not ruled by a monarch
The First Republic
faced many problems
third Carlist War continued
Alfonso's supporters rejected the republic
were revolts
demanded the creation of a federal republic
main problem
the divisions among the Republicans
disagreed on the type of republic they wanted
various alternatives:
federal republic
federal republic
a centralised republic
the central government would control
political institutions
administrative intitutions
The alternatives caused political instability
there were four different presidents in one year
Salmerón
Castelar
Pi y margal
Figueras
Republicans were working on a new constitution
not have time to have it approved it
military revolt which aimed to bring back the Bourbons
the First Republic ended
The provisional government (1868–1870)
General Serrano and General Prim
looked for a new king for Spain
not a Bourbon
called the Constituent Cortes
to write a new constitution
Constitution of 1869
most democratic constitution
introduced
freedom of religion
rights and freedoms
universal manhood suffrage
established a constitutional monarchy
In 1868
military revolt began
led by
General Prim
Serrano
Admiral Topete
in Cádiz
the Glorious Revolution
It was successful
Isabel II was forced into exil
A provisional government was established
a new political period began
Democratic Sexennium
