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4.Italian and German unification - Coggle Diagram
4.Italian and German unification
4.1.ITALIAN UNIFICATION (1859–1870)
Various factors caused a growth in nationalism.
Important figures supported Italian unification
Nationalist and liberal successes in other countries, encouraged Italian nationalists.
The failure of the Revolutions of 1848 also encouraged nationalism
The Congress of Vienna left the Italian Peninsula
The unification process was initiated by Piedmont-Sardinia
Victor Emmanuel II and Cavour tried to extend their kingdom
This process began in 1859
In 1870 Rome was occupied
Italy became a parliamentary monarchy, with Victor Emmanuel II as its king. Rome became the capital of the new kingdom.
4.2.GERMAN UNIFICATION (1866–1871)
German unification began as a result of these factors.
After the Congress of Vienna, the German Confederation was divided into 39 states
liberal and nationalist ideas were popular in Germany
In 1834, a customs union had been established
During the Revolution of 1848, the Frankfurt Parliament tried to create a unified state with universal manhood suffrage
Otto von Bismarck, who had been named Chancellor (prime minister) of Prussia in 1862, started the process of unification
In the second phase of unification, Bismarck defeated Napoleon III of France
In 1871 Germany became the Second Reich (empire) and the unification process ended
Berlin became the capital and Wilhelm I became emperor
