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Italian and German unification - Coggle Diagram
Italian and German unification
Germany and Italy
had been divided into numerous small states
were confirmed by the Congress of Vienna
for many centuries
19th century
nationalist movements
succeeded in unifying these countries
ITALIAN UNIFICATION (1859–1870)
a growth in nationalism
Nationalist and liberal successes
Belgium and Greece
encouraged Italian nationalists
failure of the Revolutions
1848
encouraged nationalism
Charles Albert, wanted to unite Italy
but was defeated
The Congress of Vienna
Italian Peninsula
divided into seven states
some were under Austrian control
supporters
King Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont-Sardinia
Cavour
Napoleon III
unification process
initiated by Piedmont-Sardinia
tried to extend their kingdom's constitutional system
Victor Emmanuel II
Cavour
began in 1859
Piedmontese expelled the Austrians from Lombardy
Piedmont annexed Parma, Modena and Tuscany
In the south
Italian nationalists
Garibaldi
conquered the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Piedmontese and Garibaldi
took control of Venetia
Rome was occupied and annexed
parliamentary monarchy
Victor Emmanuel II as its king
Rome became the capital
GERMAN UNIFICATION (1866–1871)
unification began
liberal and nationalist ideas were popular in Germany
Frankfurt Parliament
tried to create a unified state with universal manhood suffrage
Austria and Prussia were opposed
the attempt failed
German Confederation was divided into 39 states
the Zollverein
This economic union encouraged support for a political union
the process of unification
Otto von Bismarck
prime minister of Prussia
Prussia
nationalism was strong
a large army and a developed economy
Battle of Sadowa
Bismarck expelled the Austrians from the German Confederation
achieved the unification of the northern states
the second phase of unification
Bismarck defeated Napoleon III of France
wanted to limit Prussian expansion
Prussia annexed Alsace-Lorraine from France
Germany became the Second Reich (empire)
In 1871
Berlin became the capital and Wilhelm I became emperor
THE CONSEQUENCES OF ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION
unifications affected
affected European international relations
German Empire
Europe's dominant power
Austro-Hungarian Empire
lost power
influence in both Italy and Germany
France's defeat by Prussia
collapse of Napoleon III's Second Empire
replaced by the Third Republic
France and the Austro-Hungarian Empire had been weakened
Russian Empire decided to expand towards the Balkans
