SPAIN: THE RESTORATION, LIBERALISM AND DEMOCRATIC IDEAS

Spain 19th century

Similar political experiences such as other countries in Europe

Fernando VII

Absolutism was restored

Isabel II

Liberal period

Democratic phase

Spain became a republic

Reign of Fernando VII (1814-1833)

Three phases

Absolutist phase

1814-1820

Enjoyed support of Spanish image

Cortes wanted to uphold the constitution of 1812

Absolutists wanted to return to Ancien Regime

Fernando agreed with the absolutists

Re-established absolute monarchy

Liberal phase

1820-1823

Political instability

Military coups against absolutism

1820

A coup succeeded

Fernando forced to reinstate constitution

Ominous decade

1823-1833

Asked Holy Alliance for assistance

French army

Defeated liberals

Absolute monarchy was reinstalled

End of his reign

Pragmatic Sanction

Include females from the line of succession

Fernando's daughter Isabel became queen image

This angered Fernando's brother Carlos

Became a source of conflict

Reign of Isabel II

Special features

Crown retained power

Shared with Cortes

Shared sovereignty

Supported by

Moderates

Progressives

Were favoured by Isabel

Various constitutions

Progressive constitution

1837

Moderate constitution

1845

Limited male suffrage

Military participation in politics

Regency period

1833-1843

Isabel is a minor

Two regents governed

Maria Cristina Bourbon

General Espartero

Her mom

First Carlist War

Monarchy changed from absolute to liberal

1833-1839

Because Carlos didn't accept Isabel as queen

Convention of Vergara

1839

Isabel is recognise as queen of Spain

Carlos son followed his father and continued fighting

Majority of Isabel II

1843

Isabel reaches age of majority

Important features

Alternation in power

Moderates

Progressives

Second Carlist war

1846-1849

Because Isabel didn't want to marry with Carlos Luis Bourbon

Carlists were defeated

Sapin division

49 provinces

Railway law

1855

Social instability

Poor working condition of peasants

Increase in unemployment and low wages image

Expropiations

Aimed to solve Spain economic problems

Crisis and end of Isabel II's reign

Political problems

Damaged Isabel's image

Manipulation of elections

New political parties who opposed monarchy

Democrats

Republicans

Last years of Isabel's reign

Major economic crisis

Democratic sexennium (1868-1874)

Glorious revolution

In Cadiz

Led by

1868

image Admiral Topete

General Prim

Serrano

New political period

Democratic sexennium

Three different phases

Provisional government

1868-1870

General Serrano and Prim

Constitution of 1869

Looked for a new king

Most democratic constitution

Freedom of religion

New constitutional monarchy

Constitutional monarchy

1871-1873

Amadeo of Savoy

Named king Amadeo I of Spain

Third Carlist war

1872-1876

Because provisional government had not chosen th carlist candidate as king

Amadeo abdicated

Faced opposition from

Republicans

Alfonso, Isabel's son

First republic

1873-1874

Spain was a republic

Many problems

Third carlist war continued

Alfonso's supporters rejested the republic

Revolts in

Andalucia

Levante

Murcia

Main problem

Many types of republics

Federal republic

Divided into 17 federal states

Centralised or unitary republic

Central government would control all political administrative institutions

1874

New military revolt

image The end of the first republic