SPAIN: THE RESTORATION, LIBERALISM AND DEMOCRATIC IDEAS
Spain 19th century
Similar political experiences such as other countries in Europe
Fernando VII
Absolutism was restored
Isabel II
Liberal period
Democratic phase
Spain became a republic
Reign of Fernando VII (1814-1833)
Three phases
Absolutist phase
1814-1820
Enjoyed support of Spanish 
Cortes wanted to uphold the constitution of 1812
Absolutists wanted to return to Ancien Regime
Fernando agreed with the absolutists
Re-established absolute monarchy
Liberal phase
1820-1823
Political instability
Military coups against absolutism
1820
A coup succeeded
Fernando forced to reinstate constitution
Ominous decade
1823-1833
Asked Holy Alliance for assistance
French army
Defeated liberals
Absolute monarchy was reinstalled
End of his reign
Pragmatic Sanction
Include females from the line of succession
Fernando's daughter Isabel became queen
This angered Fernando's brother Carlos
Became a source of conflict
Reign of Isabel II
Special features
Crown retained power
Shared with Cortes
Shared sovereignty
Supported by
Moderates
Progressives
Were favoured by Isabel
Various constitutions
Progressive constitution
1837
Moderate constitution
1845
Limited male suffrage
Military participation in politics
Regency period
1833-1843
Isabel is a minor
Two regents governed
Maria Cristina Bourbon
General Espartero
Her mom
First Carlist War
Monarchy changed from absolute to liberal
1833-1839
Because Carlos didn't accept Isabel as queen
Convention of Vergara
1839
Isabel is recognise as queen of Spain
Carlos son followed his father and continued fighting
Majority of Isabel II
1843
Isabel reaches age of majority
Important features
Alternation in power
Moderates
Progressives
Second Carlist war
1846-1849
Because Isabel didn't want to marry with Carlos Luis Bourbon
Carlists were defeated
Sapin division
49 provinces
Railway law
1855
Social instability
Poor working condition of peasants
Increase in unemployment and low wages
Expropiations
Aimed to solve Spain economic problems
Crisis and end of Isabel II's reign
Political problems
Damaged Isabel's image
Manipulation of elections
New political parties who opposed monarchy
Democrats
Republicans
Last years of Isabel's reign
Major economic crisis
Democratic sexennium (1868-1874)
Glorious revolution
In Cadiz
Led by
1868
Admiral Topete
General Prim
Serrano
New political period
Democratic sexennium
Three different phases
Provisional government
1868-1870
General Serrano and Prim
Constitution of 1869
Looked for a new king
Most democratic constitution
Freedom of religion
New constitutional monarchy
Constitutional monarchy
1871-1873
Amadeo of Savoy
Named king Amadeo I of Spain
Third Carlist war
1872-1876
Because provisional government had not chosen th carlist candidate as king
Amadeo abdicated
Faced opposition from
Republicans
Alfonso, Isabel's son
First republic
1873-1874
Spain was a republic
Many problems
Third carlist war continued
Alfonso's supporters rejested the republic
Revolts in
Andalucia
Levante
Murcia
Main problem
Many types of republics
Federal republic
Divided into 17 federal states
Centralised or unitary republic
Central government would control all political administrative institutions
1874
New military revolt
The end of the first republic