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THE POLITICAL REVOLUTIONS OF THE 19TH CENTURY 4.3 image, image, image,…

- - - - Second Republic established
      - 1848
    - - elected president
      - proclaimed himself emperor (1852)
      - ruled France until 1870
      - maintained universal manhood suffrage
- - - - constitutional monarchies
      - Portugal succeeded
      - Spain absolutism re-established
        
        after Liberal Triennium
- - - - Congress of Vienna
      - differences
        
        religion
        
        Belgians were Catholics
        
        Dutch were Protestants
        
        language
    - - until nationalist/liberal revolution
      - until 1830
      - Belgium independent
      - Leopold I of Saxe-Coburg Belgium's constitutional monarch
  - - - Louis XVIII 1814 -1824
      - Charles X
        
        1824 -1830
        
        suppressed liberties
        
        strengthened absolute monarchy
    - - beginning
        
        Charles X approved various decrees
        
        restriction of press freedom
        
        without consulting Legislative Assembly
      - after abdication
        
        assembly voted for new king
        
        chose Charles X's cousin
        
        Louis Philippe of Orleans
        
        constitutional monarch 1830 -1848