Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Unit 1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - one of 2 or more comping that the same molecular formula & covalent bonds between atoms but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms
      - inflexibility of double bonds
      - geometric isomer
    - - unsaturated fat
      - formed artificially through hydrogenation
      - contains one or mare trans double bonds
  - - - forming of polymers
      - removal of H2O
    - - breaking down polymers
      - produces H2O
  - - - monosccharides
      - carbon back bone
        
        sometimes looped as pentagon or hexagon
      - most end in "-ose" (glucose, fructose)
    - - glycosidic linkage
      - covalent bond formed between 2 monosaccharides by dehydration synthesis
  - - - plants store it
      - polymer of glucose
      - stored in granules within cells
    - - carbohydrate used by arthropods (insects) to build exosckelaton
      - fungai use to bind cell walls
    - - polysaccharide stored by animals
      - polymer of glucose
    - - found in plants & animal cell walls
  - - - saturated w H+
    - - unsaturated becuase not as many carbon atoms can be packed into the backbone, the kink from the double band causes bonding room to be lost
  - - - importance
        
        bilayer separates substances, no aqueous solutions touch the tails, but the heads are immersed
  - - - the makeup of the proteins and functional groups
    - - α & β levels
    - - kinks/coils in pattern
    - - actual structure/shape of protein
- - - - HONC
        
        makes up 96% of elements involved in life
        
        last 4% are trace elements
  - - - electron shells
        
        electron shell capacity: 2(n^2) where n=nth shell
        
        how to tell element structure from periodic table
        
        atomic # = # of protons
        
        if element is neutral, # protons = # electrons
        
        valence electrons
        
        in outermost shell
        
        electrons that interact in bonds
        
        en element must have a full valence shell to be stable
  - - - polar
        
        charge shared between elements unevenly
        
        EN diff of .5-2
        
        sharing electrons
        
        polar covalent substances cant dissolve non polar substances
        
        H+ bonds are polar covalent
        
        H+ bonds: form between already bonded element and H+
        
        Polarity of Water
        
        4 Life Sustaining Properties
        
        regulates temperature (due to high specific heat)
        
        expands upon freezing
        
        versatile solvent
        
        dissolves ionic and polar compounds
        
        cohesion/adhesion due to H+ bonds
      - non-polar
        
        charge shared between electrons equally
        
        EN diff of 0-.5
    - - transferring electrons
      - EN diff of 2+
  - - - keep substances at preferred pH
      - donate/accept H+/OH- ions
      - solution that contains weak acid and corresponding base, minimizes changes in PH when acids or bases are added to the solution