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Effective Educational Videos: Principles and Guidelines for Mazimizing…
Effective Educational Videos: Principles and Guidelines for Mazimizing Student Learning from Video Content
Consideration of three elements for video design and implementation can help instructors maximize video's utility in the biology classroom: Cognitive Load, Student Engagement, and Active Learning.
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Cognitive Load
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The first of these is intrinsic load, which is inherent to the subject under study and is determined in part by the degrees of connectivity within the subject.
The second component of any learning experience is germane load, which is the level of cognitive activity necessary to reach the desired learning outcome.
The third component of a learning experience is extraneous load, which is a cognitive effort that does not help the
learner toward the desired learning outcome. It is often characterized as the load that arises from a poorly designed lesson but may also be a load
that arises due to stereotype threat or imposter syndrome.
Student Engagement
The idea is simple: if students do not watch videos, they cannot learn from them.
The first and most important guideline for maximizing student attention to educational video is to keep it short.
Another method to keep students engaged is to use a conversational style, the use of conversational rather than formal language during multimedia instruction has been shown to have a large effect on students’ learning,
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One of the benefits for instructors in using educational videos can be the ability to reuse them for other classes and other semesters.
Active Learning
Incorporating prompts for students to engage in the type of cognitive activity necessary to process information, can help them build and test mental models, explicitly converting video watching from a passive to an active-learning event.
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Use Guiding Questions
May serve as an implicit means to share learning objectives with students, thus increasing the germane load of the learning task and reducing the extraneous load by focusing student attention on important elements.
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