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THE RESTORATION, LIBERALISM AND DEMOCRATIC IDEAS - Coggle Diagram

- - - - it replaced the Salic law
        
        only males could rule
      - so that his daughter Isabel could became queen
      - it angered Fernando's brother Carlos
  - - - some liberals organised military coups to end absolutism
      - in 1820
        
        a coup led by Riego and Quiroga succeeded
      - 1820–1823
      - the Constitution of 1812 was reinstated
    - - in 1823
        
        Fernando VII asked the Holy Alliance for help
        
        they sent a French army who defeated the liberals
      - Fernando VII re-established the absolute monarchy
      - 1823–1833
    - - 1814–1820
      - at the beginning
        
        Fernando had the support of
        
        the Cádiz Cortes
        
        wanted to conserve Constitution of 1812
        
        the absolutists
        
        wanted a return to the Ancien Régime
        
        the Spanish people
      - Fernando VII agreed with the absolutists
        
        he abolished the Constitution of 1812
        
        he re-established absolute monarchy
        
        he dismissed the Cortes
- - - - María Cristina Bourbon
      - General Espartero
    - - because Carlos did not accept
        
        the Pragmatic Sanction
        
        Isabel II as queen
      - Carlos was supported in the war by
        
        the absolutists
        
        the ones who supported the fueros
        
        Aragón
        
        Cataluña
        
        Navarra
        
        Vascongadas
        
        the church
      - Isabel was supported by
        
        the liberals
      - in 1839
        
        the Convention of Vergara was signed
        
        Isabel was recognised as Queen of Spain
        
        she agreed to respect the fueros
        
        Carlos did not accept the treaty
  - - - Moderates
        
        very limited male suffrage
      - Progressives
        
        limited male suffrage
    - - Progressives
        
        Through military coups
      - Moderates
        
        Through
        
        elections
        
        royal appointment
    - - Moderates
        
        Bicameral
        
        Congress (elected)
        
        the Senate (chosen by the monarch)
      - Progressives
        
        Bicameral
        
        both elected
    - - Progressives
        
        middle and petite bourgeoisie
        
        doctors
        
        small and medium property owners
        
        lawyers
      - Moderates
        
        church
        
        wealthy bourgeoisie
        
        nobility
    - - Moderates
        
        shared between the monarch and the Cortes
      - Progressives
        
        it should reside in the Cortes
    - - Moderates
        
        Moderate decade
        
        1843–1854
        
        Moderate government
        
        1856–1868
        
        María Cristina's regency
        
        1837–1840
        
        María Cristina's regency
        
        1833–1835
      - Progressives
        
        Espartero's regency
        
        1840–1843
        
        Progressive Biennium
        
        1854–1856
        
        María Cristina's regency
        
        1835–1837
  - - - Moderates
        
        governed for most of her reign
      - Progressives
    - - Progressive constitution in 1837
      - Moderate constitution in 1845
    - - the crown could call and dissolve the Cortes
      - shared sovereignty
    - - as
        
        heads of government
        
        ministers
      - leading military revolts
  - - - The Civil Guard was created to maintain order in rural areas
    - - caused by
        
        peasants who were unhappy due to bad working conditions
        
        tension between workers and factory owners over
        
        increasing unemployment
        
        low wages
    - - aimed to solve Spain's economic problems
        
        by paying the state's debt
        
        by breaking up large estates
        
        belonging to
        
        municipalities
        
        the church
        
        the nobility
        
        that were unproductive and did not pay tax
      - they were carried out by Progressive ministers
        
        Mendizábal (1836–1837)
        
        Madoz (1855)
      - social consequences
        
        The situation of the poorest peasants got worse because
        
        many common lands were also sold
        
        so they could no longer be used
        
        to hunt
        
        to fish
        
        to collect wood
        
        as pasture
        
        Many religious institutions stopped providing charity for the poor
        
        Peasants couldn't buy the lands as they didn't have enough money
    - - between the Moderates and Progressives
        
        they were led by military figures
        
        Narvaez
        
        O'Donnell
        
        Espartero
    - - because Isabel II's refused to marry Carlos Luis Bourbon
      - the Carlists were defeated
  - - - the manipulation of election results
      - the emergence of new political parties who opposed the monarchy
        
        Democrats
        
        universal manhood suffrage
        
        Republicans
        
        republic
    - - caused by
        
        poor harvests
        
        a halt in railway construction
      - result
        
        many small and medium investors were ruined
        
        unemployment increased
- - - - 1871 –1873
      - Amadeo of Savoy was named King Amadeo I of Spain
      - the third Carlist War
        
        1872–1876
        
        it began because the provisional government had not chosen the Carlist candidate as king
      - In the end Amadeo abdicated
        
        he faced opposition from
        
        the Republicans
        
        the supporters of Alfonso (Isabel II's son)
    - - 1873–1874
      - After Amadeo's abdication, Spain became a republic
      - it faced many problems
        
        Alfonso's supporters rejected the republic
        
        revolts
        
        in
        
        Levante
        
        Murcia
        
        Andalucía
        
        demanded the creation of a federal republic
        
        the third Carlist War
        
        the divisions among the Republicans
        
        they disagreed on the type of republic they wanted
        
        a federal republic
        
        divided into 17 federal states
        
        a centralised republic
        
        the central government would have absolute control
        
        it caused political instability
        
        in one year, there were four different presidents
        
        Pi y Margall
        
        Salmerón
        
        Figueras
        
        Castelar
        
        they were writing a new constitution
        
        when General Pavia entered the Cortes and dissolved it
        
        later, there was another military revolt aimed at bringing back the Bourbons
    - - General Serrano and General Prim
        
        looked for a new king who was not a Bourbon
        
        called the Constituent Cortes to write a new constitution
        
        the Constitution of 1869
        
        it introduced
        
        freedom of religion
        
        guaranteed a range of other rights and freedoms
        
        universal manhood suffrage
        
        it established a constitutional monarchy
        
        it was Spain's most democratic constitution
      - 1868–1870
  - - - a provisional government was established
      - a new political period began (the Democratic Sexennium)