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Endocrine System, Pituitary Gland, Anterior Pituitary, Anterior Pituitary,…
Endocrine System
Chemical transmission
Intercellular information transfer
Endocrine System
Nervous System
Every living things
Synthesize
their own hormones
Effective in target cell
Little amount,much effect
Controls and Regulates
Many biological processes
Produced in
Low amounts within the body
Produces
Hormones
Transmits via blood
No electrical transmission
Information transport speed
Slow
Pituitary Gland
Organise
Activity of endocrine glands
Supervised by hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary
Under regulation of the hypothalamus
Posterior pituitary
Made in hypothalamus
Releasing factor
Gives a stimulation
Inhibitory nerve hormones
Stopes the secretion
Anterior Pituitary
Follicle-stimulating Hormone
FSH
Stimulates
Ovarian and testes
To secrete estrogen
Starts sperm production
Parathyroid Gland
It founds with thyroid gland
Increase the Ca2+ level of blood
Work antagonistacally with calsitonin
Reabsorption of calcium from the kidneys into the blood
Excess
Bones come weak and brittle
Growth Hormone
STH
DNA replication
Protein synthesis
Growth of the cell
It effects to bones
Hormonal disorder
Dwarfism
Lack of GH
Gigantism
Excess of GH
Luteinizing Hormone
LH
In females
Provide ovulation
In males
Provide testosterone
Tyhroid-stimulating Hormone
TSH
Stimulate
Thyroid gland
Found under the throat
Calcitonin release
Decrease the Ca2+ level of blood
Controls synthesis of thyroxine hormone
More effective in cold weather
With negative feedback mechanism
Prevent the body from overheating
Hypothyroidism
Low secretion
Hyperthyroidism
Excessive secretion
Adrenal Gland
Adrenal Medulla
Secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline
Sympathetic nervous system
Fıght or flight responses
Adrenal Cortex
Cortisol Hormone
Regulates carbohydrate fat and protein metabolism
Suppresses immunity
Sex hormones
Secretes androgynous
If its secrete a lot
Boys enters puberty early
Aldosterone
Regulates sodium and potassium metabolism
Increases blood volume and pressure
Smillar with (ADH)
Lack of it
Blood pressure decreases
Tissue fluid decreases
Anterior Pituitary
Thymus Gland
Secretes thymic hormone
Needed for development of T-lymphocytes
Found in chest cavity
Pancreas
Alpha cells secrete
Glucagon
Increase blood glucose level
Stimulate fat breakdown
Beta cells secrete
Insulin
Decrease blood glucose level
Conversion of glucose to glycogen
They work antagonistacally with each other
Diabetes mellitus(1)
Decrease in the number of beta cells
Glucose level is above normal level
Diabetes mellitus(2)
Usually in overweight persons over 40
Pineal Gland
Secretes melatonin
Primarily at night
Biological rhthym
Secretes seratonin
well being and happiness
Prolactin
Stimulates lactation
MSH
Skin pigmentation
Posterior Pituitary
Oxytocin
Release of the milk
Hypothalamus stimulates the milk glands
Induces uterine conctractions
Positive feedback
Vazopressin
Water reabsorption in kidneys
Less water urine
Negative feedback
Less water in blood
Hypothalamus to ADH
Kidneys reabsorbs water
Makes urine more concentrated
