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THE RESTORATION: LIBERALISM AND NATIONALISM, image, image, image, image,…
THE RESTORATION: LIBERALISM AND NATIONALISM
Spain: The Restoration, liberalism and democratic ideas
Spain experienced similar political processes to the rest of Europe
In the reign of Fernando VII
Absolutism was restored
Isabel II
Liberal period
When Spain became a republic
Democratic phase
THE REIGN OF FERNANDO VII (1814–1833)
Napoleons defeat
In the Spanish War of Independence
Joseph was forced to leave Spain
Fernando VII returned
The absolutist phase
1814–1820
Fernando VII enjoyed the support of the Spanish people
The Cádiz Cortes
They hoped he would uphold the Constitution of 1812
The absolutists
They wanted a return to the Ancien Régime
.Fernando VII agreed with the absolutists demands
He re-established absolute monarchy
The liberal phase
A period of political instability
Some liberals organised military coups
They were designed to overthrow absolutism
1820
A oup led by Riego and Quiroga succeeded
1820–1823
Fernando VII was forced to reinstate the Constitution of 1812
Also to guarantee the freedoms established in the previous periods
The ominous decade
1823–1833
1823
Fernando VII asked the Holy Alliance for assistance
They sent a French army, who defeated the liberals
Fernando VII re-established the absolute monarchy and persecuted the liberals
THE REIGN OF ISABEL II
Absolutism ended in Spain with the reign of Isabel II
She established a liberal constitutional monarchy
It had its own special features
The crown retained power
Shared sovereignty
The power was shared with The Cortes
The queen was supported by the liberal political parties
The Moderates and The Progressives
Various constitutions were approved
Progressive constitution
1837
Moderate constitution
1845
There was limited male suffrage
The military participated actively in politics
Like heads of government and ministers
And leading military revolts
The regency period
1833 to 1843
Isabel was still minor, two regents governed
Regents:
Person who rules when the monarh is a minor
Her mother María Cristina Bourbon
The General Espartero
In this period the first
Carlist War took place
The monarchy changed from absolute to liberal
Carlist War
1833–1839
Started because Fernando VII's brother Carlos claimed the throne...
and did not accept
Isabell II as queen
The Pragmatic Sanction
He was supported by the absolutists and by the supporters of the fueros
The liberals supported Isabel II
1839
The Convention of Vergara was signed
Isabel was recognised as Queen of Spain
She agreed to respect the fueros
Carlos did not accept the treaty
His son, Carlos Luis Bourbon, continued fighting
The majority of Isabel II
1843
Isabel II reached the age of majorit.
She was only 13 years old
Important features
The alternation in power between the Moderates and Progressives
These governments were usually led by a military figure
The second Carlist War
1846–1849
It caused by Isabel II's refusal to marry Carlos Luis Bourbon
Spain's division into 49 provinces
A railway law was introduced in 1855 to improve transport
Social instability
It was caused by discontent among the peasants over poor working conditions
Economic problems
Expropiations that aimed to solve them
By paying the state's debt
And by and breaking up large estates
The crisis and the end of Isabel II's reign
Political problems
Isabel II's public image was damaged by these problems
INCLUDED
New political parties
They opposed the monarchy
They were The Democrats
They believed in universal manhood suffrage
And we could also see the Republicns
They wanted Spain to be republic
manipulation of election results
In Isabele II reign there was also a...
Major economic crisis
It was caused by...
It was caused by poor harvests
It was caused by a halt in railway construction
It caused the stock market to crash
This caused unemployment increase and ruin of many investors
THE DEMOCRATIC SEXENNIUM (1868–1874)
1868
A military revolt began in Cadiz
It was led by Admiral Topete and Generals Prim and Serrano
KNOWN as the Glorious Revolution
Isabel II was forced into exile
A provisional government was established
New political period began
Democratic Sexennium
Democratic political system
Divided into 3 phases
The provisional government
1868–1870
The Constitution
4 more items...
General Serrano and General Prim looked for a new king for Spain
1 more item...
They wanted to write a new constitution
The constitutional monarchy
1871 –1873
Amadeo of Savoy was named King Amadeo I of Spain
2 more items...
The First Republic
1873–1874
After Amadeo abdicated...
1 more item...
The main problem the republic faced was the divisions of the Republicans
1 more item...
There were four different presidents in one year
4 more items...
