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Chapter Thirteen(第十三章) Progress and Performance Measurement and…
Chapter Thirteen(第十三章)
Progress and Performance Measurement and Evaluation(進度和績效衡量與評估)
Control chart
Control chart is used to plot the difference between the scheduled and actual times on the critical path at a given point on the project.(管制圖用於繪製專案上給定點的關鍵路徑上的計劃時間與實際時間之間的差異。)
Cost performance index (CPI)
Cost performance index (CPI) = EV/AC(成本績效指數 (CPI) = EV/AC)
Measures cost efficiency of the work accomplished to date(衡量迄今為止完成的工作的成本效益)
Cost variance (CV)
Cost variance (CV) = EV – AC(成本差異 (CV) = EV – AC)
Tells us if the work accomplished costs more or less than was planned at any point over the life of the project.(告訴我們完成的工作的成本是否比專案生命週期內任何時候計劃的要高或低。)
Earned value (EV)
(實獲值)
為執行工作所需的預算成本,用來提供以時程化預算為基礎的可靠績效估算。
Earned Value Management(所得價值管理)
Is a methodology that combines scope, schedule, and resource measurement to assess project performance and progress.(是一種將範圍、進度和資源度量相結合的方法,用於評估專案績效和進度。)
Was pioneered by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) in the 1960s.(由美國國防部(DoD)在20世紀60年代率先推出。)
Uses several acronyms and equations for analysis.(使用多個首字母縮略詞和方程式進行分析。)
Uses data developed from the work breakdown structure, project network, and schedule.(使用從工作分解結構、專案網路和計劃開發的數據。)
Starts with the time-phased costs that provide the project budget baseline, which is called the planned budgeted value of the work scheduled (PV). Then comparisons can be made with actual and planned schedule and costs.(從提供專案預算比較基準的時間分階段成本開始,該成本稱為計劃工時 (PV) 的計劃預算值。 然後可以與實際和計劃的時程表和成本進行比較。)
Forecasted total cost at completion (EACf)(完工時預測的總成本 (EACf))
Uses the actual costs to date plus an efficiency index (CPI=EV/AC) applied to the remaining project work.(使用迄今為止的實際成本加上應用於剩餘專案工時的效率指數(CPI=EV/AC)。),主要用來衡量剩餘的每一塊錢所必需賺得的在預算內剩餘價值的量
Management reserve index (MRI) = CV/MR(管理儲備指數 (MRI) = CV/MR)
Is popular in the construction industry(在建築行業很受歡迎)
Reflects the amount of management reserves that has been absorbed by cost overruns.(反映因費用超支而吸收的管理準備金數額。)
Percent complete index actual costs (PCIC) = AC/EAC(實際成本完成百分比指標 (PCIC) = AC/EAC)
包含實際和修正的估算,並包括最新且較完整的資訊, 以專案新預測最終成本為基準。
Percent complete index budgeted costs (PCIB) = EV/BAC(預算成本百分比完成指標(PCIB) = EV/BAC)
指的是目前完工的占總預算金額的50%,此公式並不包含實際成本。因實際金額花費並不保証專案的進度,所以在對最初預算有高度信任度時會採用此指標。
Revised estimated cost at completion (EACre)(完工時的修訂估計成本 (EACre))
Allows experts in the field to change original baseline durations and costs because new information tells them the original estimates are not accurate.(允許該領域的專家更改原始基線持續時間和成本,因為新資訊告訴他們原始估算值不準確。)
Schedule variance (SV) = EV – PV(進度差異 (SV) = EV – PV)
Presents an overall assessment of all work packages in the project scheduled to date.(對迄今為止專案進度中的所有工作包進行總體評估。)
Contains no critical path information.(不包含任何關鍵路徑資訊。)
Measures progress in dollars rather than time units.(以美元而不是時間單位衡量進度。)
Scheduling performance index (SPI) = EV/PV(時程績效指標 (SPI) = EV/PV)
Measures scheduling efficiency to date(衡量目前為止的時程績效)
Scope creep
(範圍蔓延)
Scope creep causes problems because the “minor refinements” eventually build to be major scope changes.(範圍蔓延會導致問題,因為「次要改進」最終會構建為主要的範圍更改。)
To Complete Performance Index (TCPI) = (BAC − EV)/(BAC − AC)(完成性能指數 (TCPI) = (BAC − EV)/(BAC − AC))
Used as a supplement to the estimate at completion (EACf) computation.(用作完成時估計值 (EACf) 計算的補充。)
Measures the amount of value each remaining dollar in the budget must earn to stay within the budget.(衡量預算中每一美元剩餘資金必須賺取的價值金額才能保持在預算範圍內。)
A ratio less than 1.00 indicates an ability to complete the project without using all of the remaining budget.(比率小於 1.00 表示能夠在不使用所有剩餘預算的情況下完成專案。)
Tracking Gantt
(追蹤甘特圖)
Gantt chart (bar chart) is the most favored, used, and understandable. It is commonly referred to as a tracking Gantt chart.(甘特圖(條形圖)是最受歡迎,最常用和最容易理解的。 它通常稱為追蹤甘特圖。)
Variance at completion (VAC) = BAC – EAC(完成時的差異 (VAC) = BAC – EAC)
Suggests whether the costs at completion of the project will differ from what was planned.(意味著專案完成時的成本是否與計劃的成本不同。),實際完工總成本可能會超出或低於原計畫完工總成本的程度。