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Antibiotic resistance in Bacteria - Coggle Diagram
Antibiotic resistance in Bacteria
Antibiotics
: What are they and how do they work?
Antibiotic comes from the words: Anti (
Against
) Biotic (
Life
)
They are medicines that can stop diseases caused by bacteria or prevent its reproduction.
Only bacterial infections
can be solved using antibiotics
There are
two
types of antibiotics:
Narrow-spectrum
antibiotics are designed to tackle a more specific group of bacteria
Broad-spectrum
antibiotics are designed to work on multiple bacteria
Exemples:
–
Penicillin
, developed in 1941
–
Amphotericin B
, developed in 1959
What are
Bacteria?
General information
Bacteria are a whole
separate domain
, together with Animalia and Archaea
Bacteria are
single cells
organisms
Almost all bacterias reproduce via
Binary Fission
Binary Fission is when an organism makes an
exact copy
of it, by dividing itself
Quick facts
It is estimated that there are
more bacteria cells
in your body than human cells
Shape and structure
The body of a bacteria can come in different shapes like:
Rods
Spirals
Spheres
The internal structure of Bacteria is way simpler than of an animal cell, it only contains:
Cell membrane
DNA
(genetic material)
Some
Ribosomes
Cell wall
And a
Capsule
for protection
Sometimes, Bacteria can also have
flageles
to help with locomotion
What can be done about it?
There are many ways that different sectors of society can, togheter, prevent that bacterias become resistan to antibiotics
Health professionals
Instruct patients correctly
and report on all cases of resistant antibiotics
Healthcare industry
Invest in the research
of vaccines that would prevent a disease in the first place
Policy makers
Make
national plans
to make sure that studies on antibiotic resistance are in place and
make information more available
about antibiotic resistance
Agricultural industry
Be well instructed before
giving antibiotics to animals
or vaccinate them to not have to give them antibiotics at all
Individuals
Listen to medical/professional advice
and only use antibiotics when and if they are needed. On that note, if they are necessary, take them exactly as instructed
How does Bacteria resist the antibiotics?
Due to the process of natural selection, Bacteria can adapt (through mutations) and become imune to the antibiotic
Exemples:
– In 1942, 1967 and 1976 bacteria that were resistant to
Penicillin
were dicovered
– In 2016, a bacteria (
Candida auris
) that was resistant to
Amphotericin B
was discovered
Mechanisms of evolution
When under pressure from the environment, species can adapt themselves and, eventually, overcome a dificulty
As bacteria reproduce hundreds of times per hour, the chances of a mutation occurring more rapidly are way bigger
