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IT - Unit 1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Magnetic - Hard drive
      - Optical - CD, DVD, BluRay
      - Solid State - USB
    - - Fibre Channel Card - Transfers data between servers across a network.
      - Network Interface Card - Allows computers to connect to the internet to transfer data to other computers.
      - Storage Controller Card - manage and use attached storage devices.
      - Graphics Card - Processes graphical data and converts into displayable output on a monitor.
      - Sound Card - Convert analogue sounds waves into digital data (binary) and vice versa.
    - - Random Access Memory (RAM) - Volatile storage that stores all programs that are currently running.
      - Read-Only Memory (ROM) - Non-volatile storage that can not be changed. ROM stores the boot program/BIOS for when the computer is switched on.
      - Cache Memory - Volatile storage that stores data that is frequently accessed.
  - - - Pros
        
        Faster
        
        More secure
        
        More reliable
        
        Cheaper
      - Cons
        
        Can be broken
        
        Shorter range
        
        Takes up physical space
    - - Pros
        
        Doesn't take up physical space
        
        Can't be broken
        
        Connect multiple devices
        
        Longer range
      - Cons
        
        Slower
        
        More expensive
        
        Less secure
  - - - Provides context about the issue including details, categories and relevant tags
      - Improved employee communication and satisfaction
- - - - Formal
      - Informal
      - Technical terms should be used when speaking to a professional
      - Simplified explanations should be used when speaking to a customer
    - - Closed questions - direct and prompt a short, often one word answer.
      - Open Questions - don't have an obvious answer and my elicit an opinion.
    - - Formal such as a letter
      - Informal such as a text
    - - Noise
      - Language
      - Physical Barriers
      - Distraction
  - - - Letter
      - Text Message (SMS)
      - Email
      - Instant Messaging
    - - Cellular
      - Teleconferences
      - VoIP
      - Personal Assistants
    - - Video Conferences
      - Social Media
      - Blog/Vlog
  - - - Self-Motivation
      - Leadership
      - Respect
      - Dependability
      - Punctuality
      - Problem Solving
      - Determination
      - Independence
      - Time Management
      - Team Working
      - Numerical Skills
      - Verbal Skills
      - Planning and Organisation
  - - - Advantages
        
        Develop IT Skills
        
        Access resources
        
        Professional development opportunities
      - Disadvantages
        
        Cost
        
        No guarantees
        
        Time and dedication
- - - - The equality act ensures equal treatment for all people irrespective of: Race, Sexuality, Gender, Disability, Marital status and many more.
    - - Confidentiality
      - Quality assurance
      - Behaviour
      - Equality and discrimination
    - - Can result in poor quality information if results from surveys are not sufficient, resulting in a biased view.
  - - - Change Drivers
      - Change Needs
  - - - Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment (WEEE) Directive - Gives guidance on how hazardous materials should be disposed of safely.
      - Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) - Before equipment can be sent to a landfill it has to pass this set of rules.
      - Hazardous Waste Directive - ensure that businesses store hazardous materials and equipment safely and use authorised businesses to dispose of the waste.
      - Data Protection Act (DPA)
    - - Overwriting - when data is sent to the hard disk drive to overwrite the binary values currently on the drive, resetting the data.
        
        Overwriting just once is usually not enough to remove all evidence of the data.
        
        The drive can still be used afterwards for other purposes.
      - Electromagnetic Wiping - uses a machine called a degausser, which has a very strong electromagnetic coil, to completely wipe the hard disk drive.
        
        Degaussers are expensive to buy but it allows the device to be used again for other purposes afterwards.
      - Physical Destruction - guarantees the data is permanently inaccessible.
        
        Renders storage media unusable.
        
        Examples include shredding or tools such as sledgehammers.
- - - - Available to edit, customized to the organizations needs.
      - Unwanted features can be removed to make software run faster.
      - Public domain, users can work together to modify, debug and improve a product.
      - Low in price
    - - Well tested, updates will generally be secure.
      - Developers will provide some form of help/support.
    - - Tested thoroughly, features will work as expected, regular updates.
      - Cheaper than bespoke
      - familiar and trustworthy
    - - Built to company requirements
      - Unwanted features can be removed to make software run faster
      - House style customized to fit companies image
    - - Allows user to trial the program for a limited time before having to buy it or stop using it.
    - - Freely available to download and use. Relies on ads and microtransactions to earn money.
  - - - Translator - program that converts one type of language into another.
      - Compiler - type of translator that converts instructions into machine code.
      - Debugger - used to test code and display errors.
  - - - TCP - allows packets to be sent and received between computer systems. Breaks data into packets and reassembles them back into the original data at the destination.
      - IP - in charge of routing and addressing data packets. It is also an addressing system. Every device on a network is given a unique IP address so data packets are sent to correct computer system.
      - UDP (User Data Protocol) - faster alternative to TCP. Used where low latency is important. Packets more likely to be lost or received out of order.
    - - HTTP is a protocol that can be used to transfer web pages over the internet so that users can view them in a web browser.
      - HTTPS is a more secure version of HTTP that works with another protocol called SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) to transfer encrypted data.
- - - - Benefits
        
        Data backed up regularly
        
        Cheaper
        
        Accessible anywhere there is internet
        
        No physical space needed
        
        Scalability
      - Drawbacks
        
        Security is out of your hands
        
        Need internet connection
        
        Reliant on provider fixing issues
    - - Benefits
        
        Staff can work at home
        
        Save teachers money
        
        Convenient
        
        Central resource for files
      - Drawbacks
        
        Security issues
        
        No internet = no access
        
        Only IT admins can update software
  - - - Benefits
        
        Controlled centrally from server to easily backup data and update software.
        
        Hardware, software and resources can be shared across network.
        
        Improved scalability meaning more clients can be easily added to the central server.
      - Drawbacks
        
        Traffic congestion cause network to slow down.
        
        If fault occurs with the server, whole network will fail.
        
        IT technicians manage and maintain the network.
        
        Malware can spread quickly.
    - - Benefits
        
        Simpler network to set up as no server is required.
        
        Not dependent on server.
        
        Perfect for quickly sharing files between systems.
      - Drawbacks
        
        No central device to manage security or backups.
        
        Performance will decrease with more devices connected.
    - - Benefits
        
        Easy to attach another system without disrupting whole network.
        
        Quick to set up, optimal for temporary networks.
        
        Cost effective, less cabling, requires no additional hardware.
      - Drawbacks
        
        Poor security.
        
        Data collisions are likely.
        
        Main cable will only have a limited length.
    - - Benefits
        
        Data collisions are avoided, data packets are transmitted in one direction.
        
        Attaching more systems won't affect transfer speed, consistent speed.
      - Drawbacks
        
        Any system fails then whole network fails.
        
        When adding new system, network must be temporarily shut down.
    - - Benefits
        
        Improved security.
        
        New systems can be attached directly.
        
        Transfer speeds fast, minimal network collisions.
      - Drawbacks
        
        Extra hardware required.
        
        If central system fails, whole network will be unusable.
    - - Benefits
        
        Data packets can take alternative route.
        
        Withstand large amounts of data traffic.
        
        New systems can be added without disrupting entire topology.
      - Drawbacks
        
        Large amount of cables, expensive to install and maintain.
        
        Redundant cabling - cables are connected between systems that won't ever need to communicate.
  - - - Pros
        
        High bandwidth
      - Cons
        
        Not as secure
        
        Connection speeds are affected
    - - Pros
        
        Dedicated connection
        
        More secure
        
        Constent speed
        
        High bandwidth
      - Cons
        
        Expensive