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CULTURAL CHANGE - Coggle Diagram
CULTURAL CHANGE
Humanist Philosophy
New intellectual movement
Emerged in Italy and spread throughout Europe
Characteristics
A renewed interest in classical culture
point of reference for intellectual and artistic activity
Classical Greek
Roman culture and philosophy
Anthropocentrism
God is NOT the centre of the universe
they abandoned theocentrism of the Middle Ages
They are still Christians
Try to explain reality without religion
HUMANS are the centre of
philosophical reflection
artistic creation
Optimism and creativity
Religious believes that cause fear (sins)
were replaced by
the belief of a better life in the world
Creativity
Obtaining better techniques
Numerous inventions
Critical thinking
Until then
Knowledge was based on tradition
Great scholars
sacred texts
Humanism questioned all this previous knowledge
They tried to explain natural phenomena through
Individual reflection
reason
Extensive studies
research
Practical demostrations
experimentation
The desire for knowledge
Humanist had a great intellectual curiosity.
They did not limit their knowledge to one special area
They wanted to learn about EVERYTHING
They wanted to be a Renaissance Man
The use of vernacular languages
Most books were written in Latin
Humanist wrote in
languages spoken in their countries
the Italians Dante (Divine Comedy)
Petrarch (Canzoniere)
Boccaccio (the Decameron)
more people had access to
Culture
New knowledge
Scientific advances and the spread of new ideas
Great advance in
technology
Scientific knowledge
In the 16th century
The astronomer Copernicus
proposed the heliocentric hypothesis
Earth revolved around the Sun
not viceversa
as it was commonly believed
made discoveries about the human body
thanks to the anatomical studies done by
the physician Andreas Vesalius
other humanists
New ideas spread rapidly
The invention of the printing press
by Gutenberg
A large number of books could be printed
The first book was printed in 1455
The Bible
New ideas reached more people through books
The creation of cultural institutions
They followed the example of the
Ancient Greeks
Romans
Science and arts academies were founded
Most important ones in
Florence
Rome
Naples
The new humanist philosophy
was also spread from some universities in
Rome
Bologna
Padua
Great humanist thinkers
The Dutchman Erasmus of Rotterdam
wrote The Praise of Folly (1511)
It criticised the costums of the time
corruption in the church.
The Florentine Niccolo Machiavelli
Reflected on power
His work: The Prince (1513)
practical advice to the rulers of the time
No moral implications
The Englishman Thomas More
He wrote Utopia in 1516
This proposed an ideal of a political syste
justice
equality
At the beginning of the Early Modern Age
Significant developments in
Thinking
Science
Ideas spread rapidly
Printing press
