2. THE MODERN STATE
Monarchs
had more resources
were able to reform institutions
were able to create new institutions
main objetives
consolidate their autority
control nobility and their power
administrate the kingdom's resources
maintain stronger than other monarchs
adopted different measures
strengthened bureaucracy
centralised the power
form armies of mercenaries
established a court
prohibited the nobles from having one
to defeat nobles if neccessary
created a diplomatic body
composed by official controlled by the monarchs
monarchs able to control their possession
creating institution to serve them
increasing the autonomy of feudal lords
for new institutions to function well
usually became the capital
Modern state
emerged because reforms of the monarchs
most powerful monarchies
French
English
Portuguese
Russian
Spanish
nowadays Italy and Germany
remained divided into small states
powerful monarchies wanted to control them
became the scene to numerous wars
were areas of economic and strategic importance
Europe at the end of 15th century
Russian monarchy
polish monarchy
ottoman empire
Conquered Syria, Egypt and part of Arabia
controlled a large part of Balkan Peninsula
took control of Constantinople
expanded during 15th century
defeated Hungary
took control of northern Africa
stopped in Austria by German emperor
expanded territories during 15th and 16th centuries
Russian monarchs adopted the title of tsar or emperor
unification with Lithuania
covered extensive territories
it was week and not very centralised
