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Contemporary Art - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The Liberation of Aunt Jemima" - Betye Saar
        
        Mammy figure, Image of slave holding a white baby, Aunt Jemima, Rifle, Cotton
        
        Despite the confinement and repeated racist imagery, the figure is given some power when it is given a rifle -- a reference to the Black Panthers.
        
        Repetition of images in the background references the mechanical reproduction of slavery.
      - "Mass of Images" - Ulysses Jenkins
        
        Figure is not able to destroy the images despite wanting to -- because even if he did, they aren't possible to ease form culture? because it's important to remember them? - because he grew up with them so are inherently part of how he defines himself?
        
        Direct confrontation of racial stereotypes
        
        "You're just a mass of images you've gotten to know, from years and years of TV shows."
      - "The End of Uncle Tom and the Grand Allegorical Tableau of Eva in Heaven" - Kara Walker
        
        cut paper and adhesive
        
        examines the influence of stereotypes in our lives
        
        Uses images of black women suckling from each others breasts and stereotypical features
        
        Walker uses silhouettes of the images which strips objects of their identifying characteristics. Since the viewers and still able to piece together the images and notices the racist imagery being used it makes a point of how pervasive these images are in our culture today.
      - Appropriation of Black Experience
        
        "Guston Can Wait" - Nikki Columbus
        
        "Because Guston appropriated images of Black trauma, the show needs to be about more than Guston.. An exhibition with such strong commentary on race cannot be done by all white curators."
        
        Employees are largely BIPOC individuals and may not feel comfortable having a controversial show on display since it interferes with their ability to do their jobs.
        
        More focus should be brought to the treatment of BIPOC Employees during the pandemic and BLM
        
        Guston isn't being censored because his work is present is major art museums already and he has national recognition. This doesn't entitle him his own solo show.
        
        "Open Letter: On Philip Guston Now"
        
        Philip Guston show delayed 4 years during height of BLM protests - depicts images of black suffering under the KKK by a white artist
        
        Postponing the show abdicates the institutions responsibility to be "educated, integrated and prepared."
        
        "My father dared to unveil white culpability, our shared role in allowing the racist terror that he had witnessed since boyhood"
        
        work can prompt viewers and artists to self reflection, intuitions have a lack of faith in the audiences intelligence
        
        Speaking about white supremacy touches on the past, present of the institution
    - - "The Holy Virgin Mary" - Chris Ofili
        
        Painting, beads, resin, magazine, glitter, dung
        
        Canvas placed upon two pieces of elephant dung as an alter, painting decorated with images of black women butts
        
        Ofili addresses the associations we have with race by taking the Holy Virgin Mary and creating presenting her as a black figure. Because of the sexualization and negative treatment of black women, he presents this shrine of Mary in a fashion of degrading to address the ways in which we automatically make associations and assumptions about black women.
        
        Addressing Imagery of Black Women
      - "Drowned Syrian Refugee Child" - Muhammad Ansi
        
        Ansi was a prisoner in Guantanamo Bay who made numerous artworks addressing political issues often surrounding migration.
        
        This painting replicates an image from the news of an young boy who drowned while trying to cross borders. The piece serves as a call to protect migrants and an alert to the refugee crisis in Europe.
        
        The piece was part of a show "Ode to the Sea" that featured work from Guantanamo Bay -- it become popular and was shut down by the pentagon because of how it humanized the inmates.
      - "40 Cooler 4" - Roberto Lugo
        
        Reference to a wine cooler holding a 40 oz beer
        
        Porcelain, China Paint
        
        Referencing the LACMA who tagged their names on museums and were told they weren't artists
        
        Lugo references iconic images of graffiti that are typically not considered forms of high art and are associated with the lower class. By placing this imagery on finely thrown porcelain forms, he challenges what art should be, what it has been, and who has access to it.
      - "I am the Economy" - James "Yaya" Hough
        
        Watercolor from an incarcerated artist
        
        black body being put into a machine by a guard and turned out into money
        
        Black figure is presented as nonindividual while the guard has present identifying characteristics
        
        This work references the problems with the privatization of the prison system. A majority of incarnated individuals are black and the prison system mistreats them through inflated costs, low wages, and other factors. The piece references the US dollar, a common symbol associated with capitalization and when depicted in art - often corruption.
        
        Made in intuitions
        
        Abuse of Prisons
    - - "The Fact of Blackness" - Franz Fanon
        
        The charged and racist experience is commonplace and normalized
        
        Black induvial are never granted the subject hood of being
        
        Whiteness creates the condition of blackness to maintain their own position of power.
        
        "For not only must the black man be black: he must be black in relation to the white man."
      - "Radical Openness" - Bell Hooks
        
        "moving against oppressive boundaries set by race, sex, and class domination."
        
        To be in the margin is to be part of the whole but outside the main body."
        
        "recognize where, why and how we speak" -- if we are trying to work against a system of power, we need to identify a place for revision.
        
        usally insititons want black indivials to remove their class and cultural differences loose the 'other' -- speaking from the margin means you don't surrender the other.
      - "Cut Piece" - Yoko Ono
        
        Audience allowed to come up and cut off pieces of Yoko's clothing and take it home as their art object
        
        At first the audience perceived the performance as humorous but as she became more naked and vulnerable the tone of the piece changed
        
        Culpability with the audience's willingness to participate
        
        Artists position of authority in a gallery space - we allow them to sacrifice their body for art
        
        Feminist Art
      - "Interior Scroll" - Carolee Schneemann
        
        Pulls and scroll from her vagina. Written on the scroll was an exchange between her and a filmmaker who criticized her natural feminist approach in art.
        
        Something interior and natural being exposed
        
        Some type of sacred knowledge shared between women.
      - "One Year Performance" - Sam Hsieh
        
        Hsieh punched a clock every hour on the hour for a year
        
        Put all of the images together in a time lapse that showed the growth of his hair and the physically tolls on his body
        
        Wasn't able to sleep for more than an hour or leave his apartment more than an hour at a time.
        
        The stamping of the time clock is a commentary about the constant tool and call put on commercial workers.
      - "Whipping Post and Chairs" - Fred Wilson
        
        Fred Wilson's art practice doesn't involve the creation of any objects. Rather he takes historical artifacts and (without altering them) positions them with others to create narrative and dialogue between the pieces.
        
        This piece places the chairs facing the whipping post, putting the viewers in the position of confronting the action in front of them since the chairs are addressing it.
      - "Uniquely Egregious" - Martin Gammon
        
        Deaccessioning restrictions were loosened during the pandemic. The hope was that old, low-value work would be sold.
        
        BMA sold work of white male artists to but more representation art -- but some major, famous, influential pieces are also being sold to private collections.
        
        Some artists sell work to museums at lower prices with the understanding that it will be displayed in said institution. - Only gain is monetary
        
        Deaccessioning may be necessary and buying more representational work is important but it should only be done with lesser artworks.
      - BMA Art Curators Response - Katy Siegel
        
        Equity and diversity make history fairer, more accurate, and more meaningful in the present.
        
        "deaccessioning is not a judgement about induvial art objects, but an assessment of context, the way they function in a collection."
        
        "Museums are not mausoleums or treasure houses, they are living organisms, oriented to the present as well as the past and that is where the fundamental disagreement lies."
  - - - "Rikers Island Jail" - Duron Jackson
        
        Aerial photograph of the prison space, part of a series that each showcase a different jail decontextualized.
        
        From the aerial view its hard to tell what we are looking at and when images are compared its hard to find similarity in structures between the prison's which we think of as so similar.
        
        Is it something that we need to become more or less defamiliarized with?
      - "Capitalization" - Kenneth Reams
        
        Collage made from wrappers of food items purchased in prison
        
        Prison food is often overpriced and not of high quality. The workers are also paid low wages.
        
        Reams takes the recognizable imager of labels and turns them into a method of art. While he is making a clear commentary on the capital issues in the prison system, he also demonstrates how resourceful inmates need to be when he uses the wrappers and an art medium.
  - - - painting: acrylic, rhinestones, enamel
      - essence: Power, sophistication, beauty, vulnerability, patriotism
      - Portrait of Mnonja, a Senegalese woman
      - Created for Secretary Susan Rice
      - Demonstrates, on a large scale, an image of a powerful black woman. The rhinestones used are a reference to the cheap materials the artist had available early in her career and have since been used as a tool of elevation, sophistication and beauty despite the tacky connotation of the material.
    - - Artist born without arms, presents herself unclothed as the Venus de Milo statue
      - Confronts the ways in which disabled bodies aren't considered beautiful or sexy
      - Disabilities are labeled as a tragedy of the body -- she is normalizing and eliminating the mark of absence.
      - Beauty of a minority
- - - - Recycled and vintage pressed glass
      - Made from colors/scraps of glass that are no longer produced/the recipes have been lost
      - Explores and remembers the history of glass and specifically industrial glass
      - Commercially Made Objects
    - - "text has an illusion of comprehensiveness" -- reading it doesn't mean that you understand
      - Found her practice through her fathers process of converting to Islam and making marks in text.
      - Each time we read, we add to the text and actively engage with it. When putting together her images she looks for the shapes of the letter that fit best together.
      - Takes text which is something we want to understand and makes it more illegible and inaccessible
      - Use of Text
  - - - Exploring the material of steel through welding
      - Both grandfathers worked on the railroad
      - Masculine and black energy in the pieces - referencing and paying homage to ancestry
      - Heritage, Ancestry, Craft
    - - Nylon pantyhose, sand
      - Pieces of fabric and stretched and weighted down in reference to the human body after giving birth. The nylon pantyhose mimic the skin of the body in how the stretch, contract, and hold impressions.
      - Stress and Toll on the Body
- - - - Arranged and sold perfectly made snowballs on the street
      - No lasting objecthood, the art objects dissappear
      - By bringing the art out onto the street, he was able to introduce it to a community that doesn't typically have access and also bring the art and process of art making/critique into a new environment.
    - - Cite specific installations/performances typically in a public space
      - PB&J's interacting with a car
      - Art is created by the audience/participants
  - - - "A Short History of Minimalism" - Kyle Chakya
        
        "The art object did not have to represent anything, document reality, or even communicate with artist's individuality. It was enough to generate a presence, to become part of the world, and the viewer appreciate it as such."
        
        Minimalist Art: Industrial, Cold, Geometric
        
        Enlightened simplicity, refers to no pre-existing object
        
        Exists in a situation - Not autonomous
      - Florescent Light
      - Light becomes an object within the space
      - Only transforms when the viewer comes into contact with it
      - Flavin intended for there to be no meaning within his pieces. They simply existed as what they were and nothing more. By doing this, he took the art out of his own hands and placed it at the viewers discretion.
      - Audience Dependent
    - - suggesting infinite space that could be marked out
      - Indoors referencing the outdoors
      - Miss creates a sculptural piece that goes beyond the gallery or environment it's placed in. The ropes, laid out in a grid, make the viewers question and fill in what they can't see instead of solely focusing on the ropes.
    - - "gave evidence of a succession of man-made systems mined in abandoned hopes"
      - From justs out from rocks, earth and basalt rocks
      - Present in the Great Salt Lake, becomes submerged and reemerged over time, salt alters the rocks
      - Presents as masculine and a demonstration of 'mans' power that tarnishes the natural beauty of its cite.