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communicable diseases - Coggle Diagram
communicable diseases
viruses
1) viruses are not cells- they are much smaller, about 1/100th the size of a bacterium
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3) they live inside your cells and replicate themselves using the cells' machinery to reproduce many copies of themselves
4) the cell will usually then burst, releasing all the new viruses
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HIV/AIDS
symptoms: causes flu-like symptoms for a few weeks. then symptoms arent usually experienced for a few years.
method of transmission: the virus is spread by sexual contact or by exchanging bodily fluids such as blood.
control: there is no initial cure but antiretroviral drugs can help to stop the virus replicating in the body.
measles
symptoms: a red skin rash is developed, and they show signs of a fever
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pathogens
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4) pathogens can be bacteria or viruses, or protists or fungi
gonorrhoea
symptoms: a person with gonorrhoea will experience pain when they urinate. another symptom is thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis
methods of transmission: gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD), so is passed on by sexual contact e.g unprotected sex
treatment: gonorrhoea is normally treated with antibiotics, called penicillin
control: to prevent the spread of gonorrhoea , people can be treated with antibiotics and should use barrier methods of contraception e.g. condoms
fungi
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3) these hyphae can grow and penetrate human skin and the surface of plants, causing diseases
4) the hyphae can produce spores, which can be spread to other plants and animals
rose black spot
symptoms: purple or black spots that develop on the leaves or rose plants. the leaves can turn yellow then fall off
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treatment: the disease can be treated by using fungicides and by stripping the plant of its affected leaves.
bacteria
1) bacteria are very small living cells (about 1/100th the size of your body cells), which can reproduce rapidly inside your body
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salmonella
symptoms: infected people can suffer from fever, stomach cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea
method of transmission: you can get salmonella from eating food that's been contaminated with salmonella bacteria
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protists
1) there are lots of different types off protists. but they're all eukaryotes and most of them are single-celled
2) some protists are parasites. Parasites live on or inside other organisms and can cause them damage. They are often transferred to the organism by a vector, which doesn't get the disease itself- e.g. an insect that carries the protist
malaria
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methods of transmission: when mosquito's fead on other animals, it infects it by inserting the protist into the animal's blood vessels
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antibody production
your blood carry’s white blood cells (phagocytes and lymphocytes) that fight disease by producing antibodies which attach to the lymphocyte on the bacteria. this acts as a label so that phagocytes can recognize them more easily and makes them clump together so that phagocytes can ingest them more easily
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communicable diseases are infectious diseases caused by pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi or protists)
pathogens may infect plants or animals and can be spread by direct contact, water or air
the spread of diseases can be reduced or prevented by simple hygiene methods,destroying vectors, isolation of infected individuals or vaccination
viruses, bacteria, pathogens, protists and fungi ..
health is a state of physical and mental well-being, an absence of disease and can be based on individual perceptions
skin: waterproof, impermeable, pH 5.5 (acidity prevents bacteria and fungi from growing)
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trachea and bronchi: cilia and mucus. mucus traps bacteria and cilia waft it up to the throat for swallowing
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