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Elderly critical nutrition - Coggle Diagram
Elderly critical nutrition
Vitamin B12
:
For older adults, recommended to obtain Vit B12 from fortified foods or supplements. Bioavailability higher than in foods.
10-30% of adults ≥ 50 have atrophic gastritis. Inefficient digestion and absorption of Vit B12 due to bacteria overgrowth and without HCl and intrinsic factor
Hydroxocobalamin
Produced by bacteria in digestive tract -> converted into Adenosylcbalamin and Methylcobalamin
Cyanocobalamin
Man-made, contains cyanide molecule to provide stability in the body.
Cheapest form of Vit B12, becomes highly effective after being broken down into active form.
Methylcobalamin
Adenosylcobalamin
'partner in crime' with Methylcobalamin
Co-enzyme form of Vit B12.
Supports and protects mitochondria in cells
Key component of myelin sheath, protects nerve cells in body and brain, enabling quick response to stimuli
Deficiency symptoms
poor cognition, anemia, devastating neurological effects
Carotenoids
Antioxidants (not converted to Vit A)
Lycopene
Zeaxanthin
Lutein
Convertable to retinol (Vit A)
beta-carotene
alfa-carotene
gamma-carotene
beta-cryptoxanthin
EFA
Omega-3
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)
Conversion depends on adequate levels of copper, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron
only 1-10% converted to EPA
0.5-5% converted into DHA
hexadecatrienoic acid (HTA)
stearidonic acid (SDA)
eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA)
heneicosapentaenoic acid (HPA)
docosapentaenoic acid (DPA)
tetracosapentaenoic acid
tetracosahexaenoic acid
Omega-6
Linoleic acid
Omega-6
Arachidonic Acid (ARA)
Gamma linoleic (GLA): When consumed, most is converted to DGLA.
May help reduce symptoms of inflammatory conditions
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA): may help reduce fat mass in humans