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Indigenous Politics - Coggle Diagram
Indigenous Politics
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Two Row Wampum (1613)
- Agreement b/w Dutch and Five Nations of Shawnee people
- Shawnee wove beaded belt to represent agreement they had made
- To this day → consider Two Row Wampum basis of subsequent treatie + basic relationships b/w themseleves and any other non Shawnee people → particulalry European + North American gov.
Pattern of Belt
- Two rows of purple wampum beads against background of white beads; white beads represent river, purple beads represent vessels; one Shawnee canoe, other European ship
- Rows of white → peace, friendship + reciprocity
'We shall travel the river together, side by side, but in our own boat. Neither of us will try to steer each other's vessel'
~ Principle of respectful co-existence + equality
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Pre-Confideration
- Initially exploration, trade (fur trade)
--Understanding language, customs ~ mutual respect
- As colonization turned to ‘settlement’ plantations
--Indigenous peoples seen as obstacles for colonization; to be removed
--Distinctions drawn (civil vs. savage)
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Paternalism (Settler State + Indigenous Peoples); Indigenous peoples seen as 'wards' of the state + subject to gov. regulation across all reserves created for indigenous peoples as they negotiated treaties, and such treaties would be overseen by Indian agents
- Assimilation: residential schools, welfare state, laws
Indian Act 1876
- Created 'reserves' for Indians
-- including how band councils will be formed; need to be taught how to govern yourselves; Indigenous standing form of gov. thrown out
- Define who was 'Indian' and who was not
-- Blood quantum notion (fully, half, quarter?)
-- Gender; Indigenous men with non-Indigenous woman = keeps his status; Indigenous women with non-Indigenous men = losing her status; subsumed within "man"
- Creating Indian agents in charge of reserves
- Land belonging to gov. of Canada but could be used by Indigenous peoples
-- Indians were 'wards' of the state; treated like children'
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