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Plastic materials Martina.B - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Natural
        
        Examples: Silk, lignin, starch, rubber, chitin, cellulose, cotton, wool, latex ...
      - Synthetic:
        
        What is the name of the chemical process used to manufacture synthetic plastics? It's name is Polymerisation
        
        Examples:
        Nylon, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene, etc.
        
        What raw material do synthetic plastics come from?
        It comes from oil
    - - thermoplastics / termoplásticos
        
        Main properties: They are recyclable and reusable; thermal and electrical insulators; easily malleable with heating; resistant to chemical level, in room temperature and creep resistant.
        
        Molecule representation
        
        Examples
        
        PET (polyethylene terephthalate). It has high resistance to wear and corrosion and good chemical and thermal resistance.
        
        Nylon. It has mechanical resistance and toughness.
        
        LDPE (low density polyethylene). It has good thermal and chemical resistance and good impact resistance.
        
        PVC (polyvinyl chloride). It has toughness and strength.
        
        PP (polypropylene). It has excellent chemical resistance and good electrical insulation properties.
        
        PS (polystyrene). It has resistance to compression and humidity and is thermal and acoustic insulator.
        
        HDPE (high density polyethylene). It has excellent thermal and chemical resistance and very good impact resistance.
      - Thermoset / termoestables
        
        Main properties: They cannot melt, before melting they pass into a gaseous state; they generally do not swell in the presence of certain solvents; they are insoluble; high resistance to creep phenomenon.
        
        Molecule representation
        
        Examples
        
        Ureic resins. They have high dielectric strength and burn with difficulty and with a very black smoke.
        
        Polyester resins. They are thermoset, which means that they are very malleable and are often viscous.
        
        Phenolic resins. They have good resistance to high temperatures, fire ... they are also hygienic, antiseptic and antibacterial materials as they are not very porous.
      - Elastomers / elastómeros
        
        Molecule representation
        
        Examples
        
        Neoprene. It is resistant to degradation from the sun, ozone and weather and has acceptable resistance to solvents and chemical agents.
        
        Polybutadiene. It has a high resistance to wear and is used especially in the manufacture of tires.
        
        Natural rubber. It is elastic and water repellent.
        
        Main properties: They have high elongation or elasticity and flexibility that said materials have against loads before fracturing or breaking.