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Unit One - Coggle Diagram
Unit One
The Political & Social Role Of The Church
Church Teaching on Monarchical Authority
Church had authority over the entire population
Henry was dependent on the Church for social control
Social tensions eased as the importance of giving to the poor stressed
The Church taught obedience to the monarch in temporal matters
Wall paintings were a visible threat to those who sinned
Church could try people in church courts
Canon Law=Church Law
Law of the land could be reinforced through the Church
Pope had power to excommunicate the King
Wealth of the Church
Church collected many taxes, including tithes & Peters' Pence
From Church Taxes;Rome received £4500 annually, The King received £12,500
Tithe- 1/10th of every persons income, Produced or earned
Peters' Pence - Every household required to send a penny to Rome
Produce given to the Church would be stored in a tithe barn, this would often be sold
Monasteries were extremely wealthy , had great economic & political power
Members of the Nobility & Gentry would often gift monasteries Land, Silver or Gold
Had extensive possessions by the 16th century
Parish Churches & Monasteries
Parishes were often the nicest buildings in the town, made out of stone rather than standard housing material at the time, Large buildings
Generally at the physical centre of the Parish
Used to hold markets and social events
Chantry chapels could be used to pray for the souls of the dead
Over 850 Monasteries in England as of 1509(year of Henrys' ascension to king)
Church Courts
Clergymen could use 'neck verses' to get trialed in a Church Court instead of a Kings'
Could fine people as punishment for failing to turn up to Church
Infringements of society's moral code i.e. adultery & slander were tried in church courts
Execution only for the charge of Heresy
Church courts were used to prove wills
The scariest punishment was excommunication
Churchmen As Royal Advisors
The church played a big role in politics, both Bishops & Abbots were allowed to sit in the House of Lords
Had the right to vote on secular legislation
Cardinal Wolsey was responsible for governing the country day - day
Wolsey was the most important person in governmental importance, aside from Henry
Wolsey exploited his position to enhance the powers of both himself and Henry
Wolsey was chancellor and had ultimate authority over the legal system
Archbishop of Rome,second most important position in the church of england,Legatus a Latere, had the right to act on behalf of the Pope
Early Reformers & Humanists
The Legacy Of The Lollards And The Impact On Religious Belief & Practice
MEMBERS
Most followers were craftsmen and merchants most were literate
It's difficult to know due to many hiding as Lollardy was heresy
Despite having radical views, lollards would attend church services in the parish church to place themselves above suspicion
Lollards were a leaderless group who shared the beliefs of John Wycliffe(1328-1384)
BELIEFS & WANTS
Christianity should be based on the Bible and not the interpretations of priests
They promoted the idea tithes were against the gospel
The Lollards wanted bibles translated into the vernacular (language of the reader)
Believed everyone should have a bible they can read
Emphasised the necessity of an individual relationship with God rather than having a priest as a go between
Lollards did not believe in Transubstantiation ~(conversion of the substance of the Eucharistic elements into the body and blood of Christ at consecration)
Believed in predestination (God has ordained all that will happen, especially with regard to the salvation of some and not others)
Humanism in England as represented by Erasmus More & Colet
MEMBERS
Colet wanted people to see the scripture as their guide through life. Furthermore, he wanted to restore theology and rejuvenate Christianity
Erasmus wrote a series of discourses on biblical texts to demonstrate how the word of God, written in the Bible, should be interpreted in the actions of christians
More refused to accept that Parliament had the power to make Henry Head of the Church
BELIEFS & WANTS
Believed especially in the notion of free will
Wanted a return to original Greek & Latin texts, to correct any translation errors
Believed in the basic principles of the Catholic faith
Wanted to initiate a harmonious new era of universal agreement
Challenged practices rather than beliefs
Sought to reform the Church from within
Abuses and Criticisms of the Church
The extent of Simony, Nepotism & Absenteeism
Simony - The selling of an ecclesiastical title to the highest bidder rather than the most qualified person, often used to keep power,status and money in the family
To obtain more money, priests would often sell their position rather than simply passing it onto a qualified successor, often just to get one last pay check before retiring
Absenteeism - When a priest has ownership of more than one parish (pluralism) they were absent from one or more of the parishes.
Whilst absent the priest would hire a partially educated cleric to take the services. These people often didn't live up to the ideals of the church or the expectations of the people
Nepotism - The promotion of one's family members to lucrative positions instead of allocating positions based on ability
Cardinal Wolsey was one of the most notorious names when it came to committing nepotism, he promoted his son (broke celibacy) to Provost of Beverley Minister & Dean of Wells
Anti-Clericalism
There were lots of criticisms targeted at the clergy
Neck verses deemed an unfair advantage
Tithes were a cause of concern
Increasing challenge to the imposition of Mortuary fees
Hard tp estimate how widespread concern about the behaviour of the clergy was
The most vocal critics of the church abuse were involved in trade & manufacture
Popular Piety & The Church Spiritual Role
The Role of the Priesthood
Lay Religious Guilds
Those unable to afford a personal chantry chapel and a Priest would come together to pay the fee between them
These guilds provided a chapel,a priest, would pray for the dead
Poorer people often joined guilds,as they were able to provide benefits for those going through hard times
Guilds were often comprised of those in similar trades
Importance of individual guild could determine their place in corpus christi procession