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Kingship and succession - Coggle Diagram
Kingship and succession
Nature of kingship
Rights
In 1189, once King of England was crowned at the coronation, he had almost unlimited rights to act because he had been made King by God
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Decide on foreign and domestic policy, raise an army, set taxes and mint coins
Display
In order to maintain authority and keep his subjects under control, king needed to display his power and majesty by showing himself to people. Rituals were important part of this, king also regularly travelled around the country meeting barons, nobles and bishops - itinerant kingship
Domestic duties
Expected to
maintain justice and show mercy and fairness - consult with barons and churchmen when making laws. Hear court cases himself and send his own judges to settle other cases
govern in the interest of his people - govern fairly, and benefit the people. Expected to consult with leading barons and churchmen to help do this
Support and respect church - expected to behave like a good Christian and follow the advice of the leading churchmen
defend land and people from attack - expected to have military strategy and skills to lead army well
Rituals
Coronation
King crowned in coronation ceremony at Westminster Abby, in front of important nobles and churchmen. Anointed with 'holy oil' show that king by good. King took part in coronation oath, swore to protect Church and act with justice and mercy. Tenants-in-chief promised homage to king after
Crown-wearings
Three times a year, during religious festivals, king took part in crown wearing ceremonies which nobles were expected to attend. These took place in important cathedrals to enforce the message that king had been chosen by God
John as King
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The Treaty of Le Goulet
Philip recognised John as king of Angevin Empire. John gave Philip some land in Normandy. Arthur remained Duke of Brittany but did homage to John for this. John agreed to do homage for Philip for his land in France and pay enormous fine for inheritance of this land
Murder of Prince Arthur
John's army captured Arthur at Mirabeau in August 1202. Imposed with chains, went against chivalric code. Arthur then disappeared, then John was blamed for murder with some people believed that John killed his nephew himself. Consequence of Arthur's disappearance was that many who supported John in France now supported Philip which lead to John losing Normandy completely.
Royal revenues
Royal demesne
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Tallage only paid by peasants and were greatly resented, John increased amount paid by towns and cities throughout his reign
Role of Sheriffs
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Allowed to keep any money collected above required sum, so office of Sheriff was valuable and exploited.
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Use of justiciars
When John left for France, Fitz Peter continued as justiciar and Hubert Walter appointed as Chancellor
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