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Spain: The Restoration, liberalism and democratic ideas, image, image,…

- - - - . In 1820, a coup led by Riego and Quiroga succeeded
      - Fernando VII was forced to reinstate the Constitution of 1812
      - A period of political instability followed
    - - In 1823 Fernando VII asked the Holy Alliance for assistance
      - They sent a French army, the 100 000 Sons of St Louis', who defeated the liberals
      - Fernando VII re-established the absolute monarchy and persecuted the liberals
    - - Fernando VII enjoyed the support of the Spanish people
      - Cádiz Cortes hoped he would uphold the Constitution of 1812
      - While the absolutists wanted a return to the Ancien Régime, as outlined in the Persian Manifesto
- - - - Her mother, María Cristina Bourbon
      - General Espartero, who was a Progressive
      - During this period the first Carlist War took place, and the monarchy changed from absolute to liberal
  - - - The alternation in power
        
        Moderates
        
        Progressives
      - The second Carlist War (1846–1849)
      - Spain's division into 49 provinces
        
        The Civil Guard was created
      - Social instability
      - Expropiations
- - - - Amadeo of Savoy, the son of the Italian king, Victor Emmanuel II, was named King Amadeo I of Spain.
      - During his reign, the third Carlist War (1872–1876) began because the provisional government had not chosen the Carlist candidate, Carlos VII
    - - When Amadeo I abdicated, the Cortes proclaimed Spain a republic
      - This was the first time that Spain was not ruled by a monarch
    - - General Serrano, who was regent, looked for a new king for Spain who was not a Bourbon
      - They also called the Constituent Cortes in order to write a new constitution
      - The Constitution of 1869