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ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION - Coggle Diagram
ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION
Germany and Italy
Had been divided into numerous small states.
divisions were confirmed by the Congress of Vienna.
the 19th century, nationalist movements succeeded in unifying these countries.
Italian unification
1859-1870
Various factors
The Congress of Vienna left the Italian Peninsula divided into seven states.
Nationalist and liberal successes in other countries
The failure of the Revolutions of 1848 also encouraged nationalism.
Important figures supported Italian unification, both in Italy and overseas.
was initiated by Piedmont-Sardinia.
Victor Emmanuel II and Cavour tried to extend their kingdom's constitutional system to other parts of Italy.
in 1859
the Piedmontese expelled the Austrians from Lombardy with the help of Napoleon III
After this Piedmont annexed Parma, Modena and Tuscany.
In the south
Italian nationalists, led by the prestigious politician and military leader, Garibaldi, conquered the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1860.
In 1866, the Piedmontese and Garibaldi took control of Venetia after Austria had been defeated by Prussia.
In 1870 Rome was occupied and annexed.
Italy
became a parliamentary monarchy
with Victor Emmanuel II as its king.
Rome became the capital of the new kingdom.
German unification
1866-1871
these factors
The German Confederation was divided into 39 states
liberal and nationalist ideas were popular in Germany.
During the Revolution of 1848, the Frankfurt Parliament tried to create a unified state with universal manhood suffrage but failed.
In 1834, a customs union (the Zollverein) had been established.
Otto von Bismarck
had been named Chancellor of Prussia in 1862
started the process of unification
In Prussia, nationalism was strong, and in addition it had a large army and a developed economy.
Bismarck expelled the Austrians from the German Confederation after the Battle of Sadowa in 1866, and achieved the unification of the northern states.
Second phase of unification
Bismarck defeated Napoleon III of France, who wanted to limit Prussian expansion.
Prussia annexed Alsace-Lorraine from France, and after this victory the German princes decided to unite with Prussia.
In 1871 Germany became the Second Reich and the unification process ended.
Berlin became the capital and Wilhelm I became emperor
The consequences of italian and german unification
Both unifications affected European international relations.
German Empire became Europe's dominant power.
The Austro-Hungarian Empire lost power and influence in both Italy and Germany.
France's defeat by Prussia led to the collapse of Napoleon III's Second Empire, which was replaced by the Third Republic.
the Russian Empire decided to expand towards the Balkans in order to gain access to the Mediterranean Sea.
