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ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION - Coggle Diagram
ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION
ITALIAN UNIFICATION (1859–1870)
The Congress of Vienna left the Italian Peninsula divided into seven states
Belgium and Greece, encouraged Italian nationalists.
The failure of the Revolutions of 1848 also encouraged nationalism. King of Piedmont-Sardinia, Charles Albert, wanted to unite Italy.
Important figures supported Italian unification, both in Italy and overseas.
Victor Emmanuel II and Cavour tried to extend their kingdom's constitutional system to other parts of Italy.
Piedmont annexed Parma, Modena and Tuscany
Piedmontese expelled the Austrians from Lombardy (1859)
Garibaldi, conquered the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1860
1866, the Piedmontese and Garibaldi took control of Venetia after Austria had been defeated by Prussia
1870 Rome was occupied and annexed
Italy became a parliamentary monarchy, with Victor Emmanuel II as its king
Rome became the capital of the new kingdom
GERMAN UNIFICATION (1866–1871)
German Confederation was divided into 39 states which was dominated by Austria
liberal and nationalist ideas were popular in Germany
Frankfurt Parliament tried to create a unified state with universal manhood suffrage
Austria and Prussia were strongly opposed to democratic principles, so the attempt failed
1834, a customs union (the Zollverein) had been established
Otto von Bismarck named Chancellor of Prussia in 1862
Prussia, nationalism was strong, and in addition it had a large army and a developed economy
the Battle of Sadowa in 1866, and achieved the unification of the northern states
Bismarck defeated Napoleon III of France, who wanted to limit Prussian expansion
Prussia annexed Alsace-Lorraine from France, and after this victory the German princes decided to unite with Prussia
1871 Germany became the Second Reich (empire)
unification process ended
Berlin became the capital and Wilhelm I became emperor (kaiser)
CONSEQUENCES
German Empire became Europe's dominant power
Austro-Hungarian Empire lost power and influence in both Italy and Germany
France's defeat by Prussia led to the collapse of Napoleon III's Second Empire
France and the Austro-Hungarian Empire had been weakened
Russian Empire decided to expand towards the Balkans order to gain access to the Mediterranean Sea