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Microcytic Anaemia - Coggle Diagram
Microcytic Anaemia
Iron Deficiency Anaemia
Most common microcytic anaemia
Causes
Chronic blood loss
Dietary deficiency
Malabsorption
Increased requirement (childhood; pregnancy)
Any patient >40 requires upper and lower GI endoscopy
Investigations
Low MCV
Low serum iron
Low transferrin saturation
Low ferritin
High total iron-binding capacity
Sideroblastic Anaemia
Defective protoporphyrin synthesis
Iron waits around due to lack of protophoryin preventing formation of haem
Iron build-up in mitochondria creates pathognomic ridged sideroblasts
Congenital causes
Deficiency of ALAS (rate-limiting enzyme)
Acquired causes
Alcoholism
Lead poisoning
Vitamin B6 deficiency (co-factor for ALAS)
Thalassaemia
Interited mutations affecting globin gene (alpha or beta)
MCV <80
Usually hypochromic