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LU8 PART II: CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY - Coggle Diagram
LU8 PART II: CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY
PRESERVATION
protection of biodiversity from ny human activity
nostalgia, human benefits and needs
CONSERVATION
Managing the environment in a way that it does not despoil, exhaust or extinguish it/ resources & values it contains
Management towards the overall conservation of biodiversity & ecosytems instead of just a species
ecosystem functions in dynamic equilibrium- life support system of Earth & survival of humankind
Diverse disciplines: Ecology, Biogeography, Population genetics, Economics, Sociology, Anthropology, Geology, Philosophy
CURRENT PRACTICE IN CONSERVATION
Genes, Species & Ecosystems
Maintenance of ecosystem diversity: Conservation of species which constiture ecosystem
Maintenance of genetic biodiversity: maintain the species
Maintenance of species biodiversity: take care of both ecosystem and genetic maintenance (species maintenance: Species-based approaches)
CONSERVATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY
Genetic diversity: Combination of different genes found within a population of a single species & the pattern of variation found within different populations of the same species
needed to ensure present day & future adaptability of species & their evolution
long term survival of a species
to survive enviromental pressures exceeding the limits of developmental plasticity
if a population has low level of genetic diversity, virulent disease that arrive may kill all individuals
from human and development perspective: genetic diversity is vital to maintain potential for genetic improvement
three conservation goals & on three time-scales of concern
maintenance of viable population in short term to avoid extinction: SHORT TERM FITNESS
maintenance of the ability to continue undergo adaptive changes: ADAPTATION
mainetnance of the ability to continue speciation: SPECIATION
population is a reasonable level for attempting of genetic conservation
population & not species is ecologically & evolutionary significant
genetic changes take place in population over generations
local adaptive changes occur in population
geographically and genetically isolated populations offer greatest potential for speciation
conservation at species level= overlook dynamics & attributes of individual populations & their ecological function
-conservation below population level= allelic level is impractical
Individuals needed in a population for conservation of genetic diversity: 50/500 Rule
a genetically effectively population size (Ne) of AT LEAST 50 INDIVIDUALS is necessary for conservation of genetic diversity in short term & to avoid inbreeding depression.
A Ne of 500 is needed to avoid serious genetic drift in long term
Limitations : still in developmental stage & many genetic techniques are expensive & not easily learned, can be misused & misapplied.
CONSERVATION OF SPECIES DIVERSITY
main players: conceptually, biologically & legally is the species
Powerful legislations on conservation are focused on species
loss of species diversity is obvious and easily detectable than genetic & habitat diversity loss
conservation approaches on habitat or ecosystems depend on understanding of the biology of their constituent species
threatened species & those of actual potential resource value or keystone, dominant & crucial species required for well being of an ecosystem are selected on a priority basis for conservation. eg: THREATENED SPECIES & EXHIBITING RARITY (ENDEMIC TAXA)
CLADISTIC PRIORITISATION
method designed to assess & quantify the distinctiveness between taxa considered for conservation
Based on phylogenetic relationship between species
SECOND CATEGORY OF SPECIES FOR CONSERVATION
directly harvested plant
Plants a source of propagating materials
Plants a source of genetic variation
THIRD CATEGORY
Indicator species
umbrella species
Keystone species
Charismatic species
Recreational species