Policy and Science

❗ Environmental Policy: specifically pertain to human interactions with environment and require input from all discipline.

❗ Policy : set plan and principles to address problems and guide decision making , intend to promote societal welfare

❗ Actors: governments, UN, EU, WTO, NGOS

❗ Command and control : rules and limit set with legal instrumentation and repercussions ❗ Market incentives

❓ what are the factors that contributed to growth of environmental movement in 60s and 70s

💥 Clear evidence, political will from public and leader, economic stability, grassroot activism

❗ Timeline to Environmental Policy

1962 : Silent Spring: launched environmental movement

1970 Limits to growth : identified the global environmental problem

1987 : defined sustainable development

19992 : Earth Summit, worlds coming together to solve sustainability problem

2000 : Kyoto Protocol : solving climate change problem

❓ Why is policy needed

Guide public action to universally embrace concept for change

Market capitalism : overexploitation of public resource, free rider and external cost

Science

❓ What is Science

💥Way to understand the world, 💥explain how things work, 💥 Natural and human construct

❗ Scientific Assumptions : university pattern, not absolute proof, increasing accurate approximation, pattern to generalization

❗ Scientific method: observation, hypothesis, experiment, data, interpret, and conclude

❗ Theory: grand scheme that relates and explain many observation that is supported by evidence

❗ Environmental Science : how natural world works and environment affect us and how we affect our environment.

❓ What's the role with environmental science : recognize the problem and synthesizing information for better understanding