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Italian and German unification
ITALIAN UNIFICATION (1859–1870)
Various factors caused a growth in nationalism
Nationalist and liberal successes in other countries
The failure of the Revolutions of 1848 also encouraged nationalism
Congress of Vienna divided into seven states
Important figures supported Italian unification
Victor Emmanuel II
Italy became a parliamentary monarchy,
Cavour
GERMAN UNIFICATION (1866–1871)
German Confederation was divided into 39 states
In 1834
customs union (the Zollverein) had been established
In 1834,
Frankfurt Parliament tried to create a unified state
Revolution of 1848
liberal and nationalist ideas were popular in Germany
Otto von Bismarck
named Chancellor (prime minister) of Prussia in 1862
THE CONSEQUENCES OF ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION
Both unifications affected European international relations
Austro-Hungarian Empire lost power
influence in both Italy and Germany
France's defeat by Prussia
