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Cranial Nerves, Pterygopalatine ganglion:, Occulomotor nerve palsy,…

- - - - V1: Ophthalmic
        
        Lateral wall of cavernous sinus and exits cranial cavity via superior orbital fissure
        
        Lacrimal Nerve (smallest)
        
        Upper eyelid, conjunctiva, lacrimal gland
        
        Parasympathetic fibers from pterygopalatine ganglion hitchhike on CNV2 zygomatic nerve to lacrimal nerve to reach lacrimal gland
        
        Nasociliary Nerve
        
        Anterior Ethmoid: mucous membranes of frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid sinuses. nasal cavity
        
        medial nasal
        
        lateral nasal,
        
        external nasal: tip of nose
        
        Posterior ethmoid: mucous membranes of sphenoid sinus
        
        Infra trochlear: bridge of nose, upper eyelid, conjunctiva
        
        Long Ciliary (nasociliary): sensory to eye, sympathetic fibers from superior cervical ganglion hitchhike to reach dilator pupillae
        
        Frontal Nerve (largest)
        
        Supraorbital: upper eyelid and conjunctiva, scalp back up to vertex
        
        Supratrochlear: Upper eyelid, conjunctiva, forehead to hair line
        
        recurrent tentorial branch: supply to tentorium cerebelli
      - V2: Maxillary
        
        Lateral wall of Cavernous Sinus and exits skull through foramen Rotundum
        
        pterygopalatine fossa
        
        through superior portion of pterygomaxillary fissure, infratemporal fossa, through inferior orbital fissure
        
        Zygomatic
        
        ZygomaticoTemporal
        
        Zygomaticofacial
        
        Infraorbital TERMINAL
        
        inferior orbital fissure, infraorbital sulcus
        
        Anterior superior alveolar: canines and incisors
        
        middle superior alveolar: premolars, gingiva
        
        infraorbital canal, infraorbital foramen
        
        4 more items...
        
        Post. Sup Alveolar: teeth of upper jaw after passing through alveolar foramina
        
        pterygopalatine ganglion
        
        sphenopalatine foramen
        
        Lateral sup post nasal
        
        medial sup post nasal
        
        1 more item...
        
        greater palatine-> greater palatine foramen-> posterior part of hard palate
        
        lesser palatine: soft palate
        
        nasopharyngeal br: nasopharynx, pharyngeal tube
        
        orbital br: touch, pain, temp to orbital cavity
        
        recurrent meningeal branch: dura mater
      - V3: Mandibular
        
        Auriculotemporal
        
        Superior Root: sensory fibers to anterior auricle, lateral temples, anterior EAM, anterior tympanic
        
        Inferior root: carries secretory-motor parasympathetic fibers from CN IX to parotid gland
        
        Inferior Alveolar
        
        Motor (efferent) to Mylohyoid and Anterior digastric
        
        mandibular canal -> inferior dental nerves
        
        mental foramen -> mental nerve: skin of chin and lower lip
        
        Buccal, passes b/w two heads of lat pterygoid
        
        Lingual Nerve: ant 2/3rd tongue
        
        also conduit for special sensory (taste of ant 2/3rd) and autonomic fibers (synpase in submandibular ganglion to innervate submandibular and sublingual glands) from chorda tympani, br of facial nerve
  - - - Nerve to Medial Pterygoid -> otic ganglion (don't synapse)
        
        Tensor Tympani
        
        Tensor Palati
        
        Medial Pterygoid
      - Masticatory Muscles: Deep Temporal, Masseteric, Lat. Pterygoid
- - - - terminate within olfactory bulb
        
        contains bundles of nerve fibers called glomeruli, mitral cells and tufted cells from synapse form olfactory tract
        
        medial olfactory striae (very old)
        
        septal nuclei -> hypothalamus -> limbic system
        
        anterior commissure and contralateral structures
        
        lateral olfactory striae, goes to cortex, only part that bypasses thalamus
        
        Less old: piriform cortex, amygdala, entorhinal cortex
        
        Newer: dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus
        
        orbitofrontal cortex for conscious analysis of odor
- - - - leaves cranial cavity via the superior orbital fissure
        
        Superior Branch
        
        motor innervation to superior rectus and levator palpebrae superioris (retraction of eyelid)
        
        Sympathetic fibers innervate superior tarsal muscle (keep eyelid elevated after LPS has raised it)
        
        Inferior Branch
        
        motor innervation to inferior and medial rectus, and inferior oblique
        
        preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to ciliary ganglion
        
        innervates sphincter pupillae (constricts pupil) and ciliary muscle (contracts, causing lens to become spherical and adapt for short range vision)
        
        post ganglionic fibers are carried to eye via short ciliary nerves
- - - - leaves cranial cavity via superior orbital fissure
        
        innervates superior oblique: depresses and intorts eye
- - - - tip of petrous temporal bone enters cavernous sinus -> superior orbital fissure
        
        lateral rectus muscle