locality and crime
durkheim's functionalist theory
normal to be deviant
referred back to the concept of anomie- collectivists follow the same rules
anomie is formed because people are no lonegr sharing socal norms
claimed that urbanisation came about due to the breakdown of community
urban and rural areas
more crime committed in urban areas rather then rural areas
crime in rural areas is increasing due to unemployment in rural areas.
no social community meaning that there is a lack in loyalty
chicago school
transition zone
lots of deviant behaviour due to cheap slum-style housing
lack of community came from immigration and migration
lack of community= increased crime
disadvantage
does not provide the explanation for the existence of white-collar crime
shaw and Mckay
social disorganisation
center zone which is the central business district
the zone of transition- had the highest amounts of crime -second zone
crime rates declined as you moved further away from the centre
highly populated
large turnover in immigrant population
immigrants become successful and move onto wealthier places and a new wave of immigrants arrive
social deprivation
poor run down housing
conditions are maintained and leads to stress upon families
anomic pressure
crime
sutherland- cultural transmission theory
social disorganisation allows deviant norms and values to be passed onto through generations
criminals become role models
strengths
offers and alternative route of blame- instead of blaming the individual the blame is laid on the environmental setting
relates the left realism
a relationship has been created between crime and the urban area
weaknesses
the validity of the study would be criticized by the interpretivist for using official statistics
sees individuals to be fuelled to commit crime because of their environment
it is often argued that in urban areas there is greater opportunities for people to commit crime that is why it is high in cities