how people are influenced by the attitudes, values, & behavior patterns of those around them, particularly significant others; peers > peer group pressure; community > individual aggressive tendencies magnified through social contagion; "sanctions for evil" reduce internal restraining pressures such as guilt, & "culture of honor" believe aggression is the acceptable reaction to personal affronts; restraining socialization forces > external pressures such as fear of consequences (punishment, criticism, opinion of others) or internal pressures (guilt, shame, moral development level)
