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Tropical lung, pulmones, Bibliografía, Dahamar Pozo UDLA sin fondo -…

- - - - Routes of entry: respiratory, percutaneous, mucous.
      - Is a thermal dimorphic fungus, with filamentous or mycelial growth in its saprophytic state in the soil, and with
        yeast-like or spherular growth at 37ºC when parasitizing humans or animals.
  - - - Morphologic findings in biopsy specimens include granulomas (in most cases), lymphohistiocytic aggregates, and diffuse mononuclear cell infiltrates.
    - - Are most useful in patients with chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis.
    - - Detection of antigen using the Histoplasma antigen detection enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in the urine, blood, or BAL fluid.
    - - Less than 1 percent of residents in endemic areas are seropositive.
      - There are three available serologic tests
        
        Complement fixation
        
        Using antigens from the yeast and mycelial forms of H. capsulatum is slightly more sensitive, but less specific, than the immunodiffusion test.
        
        Immunodiffusion
        
        Has greater specificity than the complement fixation test. In the immunodiffusion test, results are reported as M or H precipitins or bands.
        
        Enzyme immunoassay
        
        For antibodies against H. capsulatum, this method has not been found to be as sensitive as the complement fixation test.
- - - - It is a filamentous or mycelial fungus belonging to the phylum Ascomycota. It presents a dimorphic growth dependent on temperature. Grows as a filamentous saprophytic fungus in the soil and in culture at 18ºC-23 ° C and as parasitic yeast in the host tissues and in culture at 37 ° C.
      - Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii.
  - - - The yeast form of Paracoccidioides spp can be visualized in sputum, abscess fluid, lymph node aspirates, scrapings of skin lesions, and/or biopsy samples of affected organs.
    - - Paracoccidioides spp can be cultured from sputum, biopsy samples, and/or abscess fluid using Sabouraud dextrose agar or yeast extract agar containing chloramphenicol and cycloheximide incubated at room temperature, usually takes as long as 20 to 30 days to grow.
    - - The presence of the characteristic large round yeast cells with multiple narrow-necked budding yeasts establishes the diagnosis.
    - - P. brasiliensis
        
        Be used to monitor the response to therapy; a good clinical response is often associated with a reduction in the titer of serum antibodies.
      - P. lutzii
        
        Patients infected with P. lutzii may be negative for the immunodiffusion test that detects antibodies against the gp43 antigen. However, a test for P. lutzii infection using a cell-free antigen preparation has been developed.
- - - - It is a filamentous or mycelial fungus belonging to the Ascomycota phylum. It presents a dimorphic growth. It grows as a saprophytic and filamentous fungus in the soil, producing and releasing asexual spores, called arthroconidia or arthrospores, which are the infectious forms.
  - - - These tests are probably the most sensitive tests in early infection.
    - - This CF assay is often referred to as the "IgG test."
    - - Is to demonstrate the formation of an antigen-antibody precipitin when an extract of C. immitis is mixed with serum from an infected patient, is considered to be an "IgM test".
    - - Spherules are the most common morphologic form of Coccidioides seen in clinical specimens.
    - - Are most often obtained in patients who require hospitalization.
    - - Is available that may be positive in the urine and blood of patients with extrapulmonary disease.
    - - Testing has been applied to the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis in a variety of clinical situations.