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English 301 Final Project, By: Zaki Robinson - Coggle Diagram
English 301 Final Project
Language as Expression
In
James Merrill’s “Christmas Tree,”
he expresses how fond he is of the holiday season by shaping the poem into a Christmas tree and sharing some heartwarming Christmas experiences throughout the poem.
In
James Merrill's "The Sawfish,"
Merrill uses comparative rhetoric to juxtapose his own life experiences to that of a sawfish. In these lines, "Bored in mid-swim / He sees you—and a sunbeam fills / That frightful mouth." Merrill expresses discontent in his life by comparing it to how boring a sawfish can feel swimming; this notion changes when Merrill finally sees his lover.
In
Leslie Jamison’s “The Empathy Exams,”
Jamison uses compassionate and understanding rhetoric to express how she feels about her career, the people she has to help in her career and her life overall.
In
Michel de Montaigne’s “To the Reader,”
Montaigne expresses to the reader the goals of his books by breaking the fourth wall and talking directly to the reader.
In
Chris Ofili's art depictions of "Othello,"
Ofili expresses his interpretation of different themes in the play
Othello
via etchings. Although he doesn't explicitly use language in his depictions, he is still uniquely expressing himself.
In
James Merrill’s “Farewell Performance,”
Merrill uses melancholic and obsessive rhetoric to express his deep sorrow for his deceased friend, David Kalstone, who died from AIDS.
In
Susan Sontag's excerpt from AIDS and Its Metaphors,
Sontag talks about expressing her self via metaphors and metaphoric thinking.
In
Lili Loofbourow’s “The Male Glance,”
Loofbourow expresses to the reader how our patriarchal world affects her as a woman as well as women all over the globe.
In
Marie de Gournay’s “Ladies’ Complaint,”
Gournay explains to the reader how it can sometimes be difficult for women to express themselves due to our inherently patriarchal system of life.
In
Erasmus's excerpt from "On Copia,"
Erasmus talks about how altering your syntax or diction can completely change how one expresses their feelings to another person.
In
Kim F. Hall’s “Othello and the Problem of Blackness,”
Hall talks about how somebody’s race can affect the way in which they express themselves via language. This is more so because of the receiver’s preconceived notions of the sender’s race rather than the sender’s message itself.
In
Lisa Delpit's "No Kinda Sense,"
Delpit explains how people of different races use language in various ways to express themselves differently.
In
Stuart Hall’s “Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse,”
Hall talks about how encoding, decoding, and code-switching can all be used to affect the way people express themselves via language in different ways.
In
Raymond Williams' "Media"
Williams talks about how depending on the media of a particular piece of literature, the meaning of said literature can completely change.
In
Walter Benjamin’s “The Work of Art in the Age of Its Technological Reproducibility,”
Benjamin talks about how different mediums of art can be used to express different sorts of meanings.
In
Toni Morrison's "Desdemona,"
Morrison rewrites the Shakespearian classic to allow the character, Desdemona, to adequately express her feelings towards her own life and the other characters in the play.
Language as Exploration
In
Aphra Behn’s “The Willing Mistriss,”
the poem’s main character explores her newfound love affair that she has and explains how this love affair will inevitably change her life.
In
Jay David Bolter and Richard Grusin's excerpt from Remediation
, the two authors talk about how different mediums should be used to explore various meanings of words, pieces of literature, or works of art.
In
John Donne's excerpt from "Devotions,"
Donne explores the best way to live life by explaining some of his past hardships and talking about how he can improve upon them.
In
James Merrill’s “b o d y,”
Merrill analyzes how the word body is spelled physically, thus causing the reader to explore the different methods in which other words can be analyzed using a similar approach.
Language as Manipulation
In
Andrew Marvell's “To His Coy Mistress,”
the poem's speaker attempts to manipulate (guilt-trip) his lover into having sexual intercourse with him.
In
Toni Morrison’s “Romancing the Shadow,”
Morrison talks about how America has essentially changed history, thus manipulating American citizens into thinking that America has done nothing wrong.
In
Toni Morrison's "Recitatif,"
towards the story's climax, Roberta tries to gaslight Twyla into thinking that she used to kick Maggie as a child, ultimately backtracking and admitting that this was made up.
In
Shakespeare, Othello
Iago uses many different methods: gaslighting, victim-blaming, and victim mentality to manipulate Othello into killing his wife.
In
Michel de Montaigne’s “Of Liars,”
Montaigne talks about how toxic white lies can be and how lies can be used as a basis for manipulative actions.
Similar to Michel de Montaigne’s “Of Liars,”
Francis Bacon’s “Of Truth”
explains how the omission of the truth can lead to corrupt and manipulative practices.
In
Kenneth Burke's “Persuasion,
Burke talks about how sometimes a person's action can be more restricted thus leading to more manipulative undertones rather than persuasive.
In
Marianne Constable’s “How to Do Things with Law,”
Constable talks about how more ambiguous laws can be manipulated into something that the law might not have wanted to promote or forbid in the first place.
In
Franz Kafka’s “Before the Law,”
Kafka talks about how when citizens lack the knowledge of a particular law, those who do know said law could use the other person’s negligence to manipulate them.
In
Gayle Salamon's "Introduction,"
Salamon talks about how Brandon McInerney tries to manipulate the Murder of Latisha by claiming victim status, thus alleviating him from any blame.
In
Raymond Williams' "Advertising: The Magic System,"
Williams talks about the predatory and nigh manipulative marketing practices that we see today in America.
Other
François Rabelais's prologue to Gargantua
was one of the few readings that I struggled to understand, but by the looks of it, Rabelais is using language more so to tell a story rather than as expression, manipulation, or exploration.
By: Zaki Robinson