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12 types of cognitive biases - Coggle Diagram
12 types of cognitive biases
Anchoring Bias
Tendency to rely too heavily - to "anchor" - on one piece of information, no matter how reliable that information is,when making decisions.
Over-relying on the first piece of information obtained and using it as the baseline for comparison.
Availability Heuristic Bias
Decision does not depend on facts and statistics,but makes the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of events with greater "availability" in memory, which can be influenced by how recent the memories are or how emotionally charged they may be.
Making decisions not based on facts ,but based on the information that comes to mind.
Bandwagon Bias
Tendency to do or believe in something not because they actually believe in it but because many other people do or believe in it.
Making similar selections as other people do regardless of the underlying evidence.
Selective Perception
A type of bias which causes people to perceive messages and actions according to their own frame reference.
Tend to overlook and forget what contradicts their expectations and beliefs.
Selectively perceive the world with subconscious mind and what it filters out.
Placebo Bias
When you believe something will have a certain effect on you and then it will actually cause that effect.
This bias can give you motivation because the mind truly is a powerful thing,and it is not always bad thinking.
It might not sound very logical but dozens of experiments have proven this.
Survivorship Bias
Concentrating primarily on people or things that “survived” some process and inadvertently overlooking those that did not because of their lack of visibility.
Judging something based on surviving information only.
It is hard to know what we don't know.
Choice Supportive Bias
People tend to defend themselves because it was their choice . They think,just because I made a choice ,it must be right.
Tendency to over-focus on its benefits and minimize its flaws when a decision is made.
Confirmation Bias
Tendency to search for, interpret and focus on the information in a way that confirms the current information that we already have or may be one’s preconception.
Paying more attention to the information that reinforces previously held beliefs and ignoring evidence to the contrary.
Very dangerous thing in science and is one of most committed cognitive biases.
Ostrich Bias
A type of cognitive bias that causes the people to make the subconscious decision to ignore the negative information including feedback that could help them monitor their goal progress.
Indication that we may only want to consider the positive aspect of something and basically promote the ignorance of negative information and feedback.
To avoid finding out the data or information that might be negative and stop looking for it ,this could be a serious crime in scientific research laboratories .
Instead of dealing with the situation, we bury our heads in the sand like ostriches, so it is called “Ostrich bias”.
Blind Spot Bias
Many people believe that they are less biased than others and they are more likely to base the judgment on facts and statistics.
Recognizing the impact of biases on the judgment of others while failing to see the impact of biases on one’s own judgment
Overconfidence
A type of bias in which a person’s subjective in own judgements is reliably greater than the objective accuracy of those judgements.
It is because it has resulted in successful experiences behind you , to the point that you’re blind to new possibilities or outcomes and it is risky for science.
When getting too confident & start taking decisions based on your own opinion,knowledge and abilities rather than on facts and datas.
Outcome Bias
Tendency to judge the efficacy of a decision primarily based on the outcome whether the action was right or wrong.
It solely relies on the end result rather than performance evaluation of the process and it goes hand in hand with hindsight biasa.
This is bad logical thinking and it will actually lead to ruined thinking and bad outcomes in the long run.