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THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE - Coggle Diagram
THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
THE PHASES OF THE RENAISSANCE
Italian Renaissance began at the end of the Middle Ages
Phases
Quattrocento
(15th century) (Florence).
New Renaissance innovations appeared
(harmony and proportion)
Important architects are
Brunelleschi and Alberti
Important sculptors are
Ghiberti and Donatello
Important painters are
Masaccio, Fra Angelico and Botticelli
Mannerism
(1530 Italy)
Harmony and proportion were abandoned
Important painters are the
Florentines Bronzino and Pontormo
Venetians Tintoretto and Veronese
Sculptors Cellini and Giambologna
Trecento
(14th century, the end of Gothic art)
Early features of Renaissance
First artist was
Giotto
Cinquecento
(16th century)
Rome became the artistic centre
Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael Sanzio
In Venice new style was developed by painters
(Giorgione and Titian
It was spread throughout Europe
ARCHITECTURE
This features were adopted
Semi-circular arches and coffered ceilings
Triangular pediments, friezes, geometric designs and scrolls
Columns
With classical capitals and entablatures
Longitudinal and central-plan
Circular, square, Greek cross
Domes
Examples are Florence Cathedral (by Brunelleschi)
Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome (by Michelangelo)
ITALIAN RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE
Civil architecture became more important
The style can be found in Italian cities
Squares
Piazza del Campidoglio by Michelangelo
Hospitals
Ospedale degli Innocenti (Florence) by Brunelleschi
Town halls
Theatres
Teatro Olimpico (Venice) by Andrea Palladio
Urban palaces
In Flores we have
Palazzo Medici (Michelozzo di Bartolomeo)
Plazzo Rucellai (Leon Batista Alberti)
Palazzo Pitti (Brunelleschi)
Libraries
Laurentian Library (Florence) by Michelangelo
Rural villas
Villa La Rotonda by Andrea Palladio
Renaissance architects wanted to achieve harmony of classical architecture
They used differnt methods
Open
Diaphanous spaces
Proportion
Buildings are symmetrical and different parts are distributed
Simplicity
They don't used many decorative features
PAINTING AND SCULPTURE
NEW SUBJECTS
New themes adopted
Portraits were painted due to
increase in demand from nobles, clergy and the upper bourgeoisie
Equestrian portrait
become popular
Nature, landscapes and buildings
Substituted the gold backgrounds of the Gothic artists
They were the defining feature of all compositions
Portrayed with enormous accuracy and detail
Mythological themes from Classical Antiquity
Related to Christianity
ITALIAN RENAISSANCE PAINTING AND SCULPTURE
"The Birth of Venus" of the 15th century
Using the tempera technique
Member of the powerful Medici family
By Florentine Sandro Botticelli
Symmetry to the composition and it contains
The nude from Weastern art (dissapeared durind Middle Ages)
For the representation of reality there was a new technique
Prespective
To give depth and volume to scenes, objects and figure
In sculptures
Creating reliefs with various depths
"The Gates of Paradise by Lorenzo Ghiberti"
In paintings
Placing the figures in different planes
Putting landscapes/architectural features in distant one (at the background)
Other ways
To create volume
Using contrasts of light and shadow
To create depth are aerial perspective
Blurring the background so it appears further away
NEW TECHNIQUES AND MATERIALS
In sculptures
Expensive materials like marble
Reliefs were replaced by freestanding sculptures (3D)
Could be contemplated from all angles
In paintings
Ancient techniques
Frescoes on walls and tempera on wooden panels
New oil technique was adopted
"Tempera"
Pigments mixed with egg yolk
NEW INTERESTS
Artists reflected the new interests of society
The human body
Interested in the anatomy of the human body
Revived the nude as a subject
It had been abandonated in the Middle Ages
The search for balance and proportion
The elements were arranged symmetrically
Often used a pyramidal composition
Idealism and serenity
Tried to reflect reality
Ideal beauty
Perfect faces and bodies
Influenced by the Greek philosopher Plato
Humanist spirit created a new artistic style
Renaissance
Originated in the small Italian states
Artists maintained by
patrons
Patrons paid them for their work
Included Medici in Florence
Popes of Rome (Alexander VI, Julius II or Leo X)
Sforza in Milan
Because in 15th & 16th centuries
Revived interest in classical Greek/Roman art
For two reasons
The arrival (Italy) of Greek scholars
They fled Constantinople after its conquest by the Turks
They brought classical works with them
The abundance of Roman remains (Italian peninsula)
Discovery of new archaeological remains
