Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
CHAPTER 4: Endocrine Responses to Resistance Exercise - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 4: Endocrine Responses to Resistance Exercise
Synthesis, Storage, and Secretion of Hormones
Hormones
chemical messengers or signal molecules
that are:
synthesized
stored
released
Neurons
synthesize
store
secrete
Muscle as the Target for Hormone Interactions
Hormonal mechanisms
part of an integrated signaling system
Muscle remodeling
disruption and damage of muscle fibers
inflammatory response, degradation of damaged proteins
hormonal and other signal interactions
synthesis of new proteins
inflammatory process
immune system
influenced by the endocrine system
neuroendocrine immunology
study of the connection bet:
neural
endocrine
immune systems
Role of Receptors in Mediating Hormonal Changes
The signal from a hormone
relayed only to cells
that express the receptor for that specific hormone
Receptors
integrated in the
cell membrane
cytosol
found in every cell
muscle fibers
immune cells
brain cells
mediate the message or the signal from some hormone
One of the basic principles in endocrinology
a given hormone interacts with a specific receptor
the lock-and-key theory
receptor-lock
hormone-key
Hormone
influence cellular metabolism
affect DNA transcription
Categories of Hormones
Steroid Hormone Interactions
Streroid hormones
adrenal cortex
gonads
fat soluble
basic series of events
the hormone binds with its receptor
to form a hormone–receptor complex (H-RC)
causing a conformational shift in the receptor
thus activating it
The H-RC then binds to another H-RC
and moves to the nucleus
where it arrives at the DNA
The H-RC “opens” the double-stranded DNA in order to expose transcriptional units that code for the synthesis of specific proteins
The H-RC recognizes specific enhancers, or upstream regulatory elements of the specific gene promoted by the given hormone
and that specific part of the DNA is transcribed
After diffusing across the sarcolemma
diffuse across the cell membrane
Polypeptide Hormone Interactions
Polypeptide hormones
made up of chains of amino acids
growth hormone
insulin
not fat soluble
thus, cannot cross the cell membrane
Amine Hormone Interactions
Amine hormones
synthesized from
amino acid tyrosine
tryptophan
Heavy Resistance Exercise and Hormonal Increases
Primary Anabolic Hormones
muscle tissue growth
remodeling
testosterone
growth hormone
IGFs (insulin-like growth factor)
insulin
thyroid hormones
Testosterone
Training Adaptations
Growth Hormone
Responses in Women