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Skin diseases in the tropics - Coggle Diagram
Skin diseases in the tropics
Skin lesions belong to the most frequent medical problems in travellers returned from tropical and subtropical destinations.
Potentially, 10% of travel-related skin conditions may be serious enough to lead to hospitalization
The most common are macular, popular, nodular, linear, erosion and ulcerative lesions.
Papular lesions
can appear as a result of insect bites or hypersensitivity reactions
Linear lesions
may appear in parasitic infections (cutaneous larva migrans, larva currens) or noninfectious conditions (e.g. phytophotodermatitis).
Macular lesions
May occur due to drug reactions and superficial mycoses (tinea versicolor, tinea corporis)
Epidemiology
According to the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), the number of international tourist arrivals is expected to increase by 3.3% a year and to reach 1.8 billion by 2030.
The most common skin lesions
Arthropod-related skin illnesses
Bites or stings arthropods result in local slin lesions due to allergic reaction or toxin release
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Bacterial skin infections
The clinical spectrum ranges from impetigo
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Dengue / Chikungunya
Diffuse erythema, petechiae or hemorrhagic lesions can also be observed
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Schistosomiasis
The majority of travel-associated occur in travellers visiting sub-Saharan Africa 85% of cases of schistosomiasis
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Rickettsial infections
Rash can occur in >40% of patients duagnosed with this infection
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Cutaneous larva migrans
Skin infections caused by hookworms, is one of the most common in travellers returning from the tropics
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Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis consists of a complex of vector-borne diseases caused by a heterogeneous group of protozoa belonging to the genus Leishmania; it is transmitted by sand fly vectors.
CLINICAL FEATURES
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Spectrum
Leishmaniasis recidivans
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Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis
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Mucosal leishmaniasis
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Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis
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DIAGNOSIS
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Myiasis / Tungiasis
A FEW ARTHROPODS INHABIT HUMAN TISSUES OR INFEST HAIR AND SUPERFICIAL LAYERS OF SKIN.
Myiasis most commonly presents as an erythematous furuncle at the site of invasion
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Nodular lesions
connected with bacterial infections (pyodermas) or can rise in the process of parasitic infection, e.g. myiasis, tungiasis or filariasis.
Erosive and ulcerative lesions
esions originally occur as pyodermas (caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes)
Parasitic infections
(cutaneous leishmaniasis), and secondarily as a result of scratching itchy lesions (e.g. arthropod bites) or superficial injuries of the skin.
