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CULTURAL CHANGES - Coggle Diagram
CULTURAL CHANGES
At the beginning of E.M.A.
There were developments in thinking and science
Ideas spread rapidly because of an invetion
The
printing press
HUMANIST PHILOSOPHY
New intellectual movement
"humanism"
emerged in Italy
It was spread thought Europe
Characteristic
Anthropocentrism
Human beings became
Centre of philosophical reflection & artistic creation
Humanists continued to be Christians
They abandoned theocentrism of the Middle Ages
Tried to explain reality without religion
Optimism and creativity
Religious beliefs that caused fear "the concept of sin"
Were replaced by the belief in a better life in world
Creativity was oriented towards obtaining better techniques
Which resulted in numerous inventions
The desire for knowledge
Humanists possessed intellectual curiosity
They didn't limit their knowledge to one special area
Wanted to learn about everything and be Renaissance Man
A renewed interest in classical culture
Classical Greek and Roman culture and philosophy
Became point of reference for intellectual/artistic activity
Critical thinking
Knowledge was based on tradition
(great scholars or sacred texts)
So Humanism questioned this and
Tried to explain natural phenomena through
Research
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Experimentation
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Reason
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The use of vernacular languages
Previously
Most books were written in
Latin
Humanists started to write their works
In languages spoken in their countries
This was the cse of the Italians
Petrarch
(Canzoniere)
Boccaccio
(the Decameron)
Dante
(Divine Comedy)
So more people had access to
Culture and new knowledge
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES AND THE SPREAD OF NEW IDEAS
Great advance in
technology and scientific knowledge
At 16th century
Astronomer
Copernicus
proposed a revolutionary theory
Heliocentric hypothesis
Earth revolved around the Sun
(not vice versa like it was believed at this time)
He made discoveries about the human body
Thanks to the anatomical studies of the physician Andreas Vesalius and other humanists
This ideas spread into 2 factors
Invention of the
movable-type printing press by Gutenberg
Enabled a large number of books to be printed
First book was printed in 1455 which was a
bible
New ideas reached more people through books
Creation of
cultural institutions
Following the example of Ancient Greeks/Romans,
Science and arts academies
were founded
The most important ones
In Florence, Rome and Naples
New humanist philosophy was spread from many universities like those in Rome, Bologna and Padua
