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THE EARLY MODERN AGE. HUMANISM AND THE RENAISSANCE - Coggle Diagram
THE EARLY MODERN AGE. HUMANISM AND THE RENAISSANCE
THE EARLY MODERN AGE
Began in 1453 with the Fall of Constantinople
Ended in 1789 with The French Revolution
Priviledged class
Nobility
Clergy
Importan economic changes
Intensified commercial activity
Surplus
Sold in city markets
Establishing trade routes
Search new markets
New products
Foods
Precious metals
Spices
The expasion of craftsmanschip
Guilds
Increaed agricultural production
Trade grew
The mercantile capitalism developed
Bankers started
Providing loans
Crating the bill of exchange
Changing money
The bourgeoisie became more influential in the cities
Upper bourgeoisie
Bankers
Officials
Important merchants
Petite bourgeoisie
Small merchants
Artisans
Artists
Servants
Labourers
The cities grew
Number
Size
THE MODERN STATE
The kings objectives
Control the power over
Nobility
Bourgeoisie
Administrate the kingdoms
consolidate their authority
Established authoritarian monarchies
Characteristics of the Modern State
Italy and Germany
Continued to be divided into small states
Wars between the most powerfull monarchies
Eastern Europe expanded
The Ottoman empire
Russian empire
The most powerfull monarchies
Portuguese
Pioneers new trade routes
French, English and Russian monarchies
Spanish
Catholic Monarchs
Kings
Formed powerful armies of mercenaries
Created
New instituion to serve them
Diplomatic body
Centralised power
They employment of officials under their control
Established a court or permanent seat
CULTURAL CHANGES
New cultural emerged
HUMANISM
Characteristics
Desire for knowledge
Critical thinking
Research
Reason
Experimentation
Optimins and creativity
Use of vernacular languages
Latin
Anthropocentrism
Human Became the centre
Philosophical reflection
Artistic creation
The Humanists importans
Boccaccio
Erasmus of Rotterdam
Petrarch
Machiavelli
Dante
Thomas More
Renewed interest in classical culture
Greek
Roman
Ther were scientific advances
Printing press was invented
Gutenberg
Creation of cultural institutions
Academies
Sciences
Arts
More importants
Rome
Naples
Florence
Copernicus proposed heliocentric hypothesis
THE RENAISSANCE
The artists were maintained by patrons
Medici
Popes
Phases of the Renaissance
Quattrocento
Florence was the artistic centre
Brunelleschi, Donatello, Masaccio, Botticelli
15th century
Cinquecento
16th century
Rome and Venice cultural centre
Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael Sanzio
Trecento
Giotto
14th century
First features appeared
Mannerism
Beginning in 1530
Bronzino, Pontormo, Veronese, Cellini
Originated in Italy
Architects aimed for
Simplicity
Open spaces
Harmony
Proportion
Incorporated features from Greek and Roman art
Semi-circular arches
Coffered ceilings
Domes
Friezes, triangular pediments, geometric designs
Colums
Longitudinal and central plan
The most importan architect
Brunelleschi
Painting and Sculpture
Characteristics
Balance
They painted the human body realistically
Idealism and serenity
Introduced perspective
The most importa artists
Michelangelo
Raphael Sanzio
Leonardo da Vinci
New artistic style
Other areas wher new tendencies
Germany
France
Flanders