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CHAPTER 2: Biomechanics of Resistance Exercise - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 2: Biomechanics of Resistance Exercise
Skeletal Musculature
causes movement
generates force
Traditional Definition
most consistent
ORIGIN
proximal attachment
toward the center of the body
INSERTION
distal attachment
away from the center of the body
confusing definition
stationary structure to which the muscle is attached
more mobile structure
Levers of the Musculoskeletal System
1st class lever
muscle force & resistive force
act on opposite sides of the fulcrum
2nd class lever
muscle force and resistive force
act on the same side of the fulcrum
longer moment arm of muscle force
3rd class lever
muscle force and resistive force
act on the same side of the fulcrum
shorter moment arm of muscle force
fulcrum
pivot point
lever
exerts force on any object
mechanical advantage
ratio of the moment arm
moment arm
torque arm
perpendicular distance
muscle force
generated by the stretching of noncontractile tissue
resistive force
generated by a source external to the body
torque
moment
degree to which a force tends to rotate an object
Anatomical Planes and Major Body Movements
Standard Anatomical Position
The body is erect
the arms are down at the sides
the palms face forward
ANATOMICAL PLANES
useful for describing the major body movements
sagittal plane
left–right sections
standing barbell curl
frontal plane
front–back sections
standing lateral dumbbell raise
transverse plane
upper–lower sections
dumbbell fly
Human Strength and Power
Power
force
velocity
Basic Definitions
strength
ability to exert force
The weight that a person can lift
oldest quantitative measure of strength
others:
isometric strength testing
holding position
isokinetic strength testing
speed, agility, fexibility, balance, coordination, reaction time
Acceleration
change in velocity per unit time
Force = Mass ∙ Acceleration
Biomechanical Factors in Human Strength
neural control
muscle cross-sectional area
muscle fiber arrangement
muscle length
joint angle
muscle contraction velocity
joint angular velocity
body size
Sources of Resistance to Muscle Contraction
gravity
downward force
Applications to Resistance Training
gravitational force always acts downward
Weight-Stack Machines
gravity is the source of resistance
inertia
can act in any direction
friction
resistive force
pressed against another object
fluid resistance
resistive force encountered by an object moving through a fluid (liquid / gas) through an opening
elasticity
elastic components
springs
bands
bows
rods
sources of resistance
resistance provided by a standard elastic component
Joint Biomechanics: Concerns in Resistance Training
The risk of injury
low