CHAPTER 1: Structure and Function of Body Systems
Musculoskeletal System
bones
joints
muscles
tendons
Skeleton
levers
Skeletal Musculature
connection point
muscles
can only pulll
Neuromuscular System
muscle fibers
innervated by:
neurons
transmit impulses
from spinal cord
to muscle
motor neuron
axon
Types
Slow-twitch (Type I )
slowly
develop force
relax
long twitch time
Fast -twitch (Type IIa & Type IIx)
rapidly
develops force
relax
short twitch time
Proprioceptors
specialized sensory receptors
located within:
joints
muscles
tendons
sensitive to:
pressure
tension
relay information to
Central Nervous System
Brain
Kinesthetic Sense
Golgi Tendon Organs
are proprioceptors
located in:
tendons
myotendinous junction
activated when
the tendon attached to an active muscle is stretched
muscle tension increases ⏫
discharge of the GTOs increases.
Cardiovascular System
functions
transport nutrients
remove waste and by-products
regulation of the body’s acid–base system
regulation of fluids
temperature regulation
BLOOD FLOW
right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary valve
pulmonary artery
to left lung
from left lung
pulmonary vein
left atrium
mitral valve
left ventricle
aortic valve
aorta
Respiratory System
basic exchange of:
oxygen
carbon dioxide
nasal cavities
functions
warming
humidifying
purifying
Air is distributed to the lungs by:
trachea
1st generation respiratory passage
bronchi
2nd generation passages
bronchioles
additonal generation
AIR FLOW
nose
trachea
right main bronchus
left main bronchus
bronchioles
bronchioles
right lung
left lung
superior vena cava