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THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE, image, image, image, image, image, image, image,…

- - - - arrival in Italy of Greek scholars
        
        had fled Constantinople
        
        conquest by the Turk
        
        brought classical works with them
      - abundance of Roman remains
        
        discovery of new archaeological remains
        
        Italian peninsula
- - - - (15th century)
      - in Florence, new Renaissance innovations appeared
      - most important architects are
        
        Brunelleschi
        
        Alberti
      - most important sculptors
        
        Ghiberti
        
        Donatello
      - most important painters
        
        Masaccio
        
        Fra Angelico
        
        Botticelli
    - - (16th century)
      - Rome became the artistic centre
        
        Leonardo da Vinci
        
        Michelangelo
        
        Raphael Sanzio
      - Venice, a new style was developed
        
        by Giorgione
        
        by Titian
    - - (beginning in 1530, in Italy)
      - harmony and proportion were abandoned
      - most important painters
        
        Venetians Tintoretto and Veronese
        
        Florentines Bronzino and Pontormo
        
        sculptors Cellini and Giambologna
    - - (14th century, the end of Gothic art)
      - early features of the Renaissance appear
      - first artist was Giotto
- - - - classical capitals and entablatures
    - - most notable examples
        
        Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome
        
        Florence Cathedral
  - - - increased wealth of the bourgeoisie
    - - town halls
      - squares
        
        Piazza del Campidoglio by Michelangelo
      - Hospitals
        
        Ospedale degli Innocenti, Florence, by Brunelleschi.
      - Theatres
        
        teatro Olimpico, Venice, by Andrea Palladio.
      - urban places
        
        Florence
        
        most notable ones are
        
        Palazzo Medici
        
        Plazzo Rucellai i).
        
        Palazzo Pitti
      - Libraries
        
        Laurentian Library, Florence, by Michelangelo.
      - Rural villas
        
        Villa La Rotonda by Andrea Palladio
    - - Open
        
        diaphanous spaces
      - Proportion
        
        symmetrical and the different parts are evenly distributed
      - Simplicity
        
        not use many decorative features
- - - - The human body
        
        interest anatomy of the human body
        
        revived the nude as a subject
      - The search for balance and proportion:
        
        studied the elements of a scene and arranged them symmetrically
        
        pyramidal composition
      - Idealism and serenity
        
        reflect reality
        
        idealism
        
        Michelangelo
        
        he portrayed intense emotions in his works.
  - - - marble
      - Reliefs were replaced by freestanding sculptures
        
        contemplated from all angles
    - - frescoes on walls and tempera on wooden panels
      - oil technique
        
        mixing oil with mineral pigment
        
        used to paint on cloth canvasses
  - - - increase in demand from nobles, clergy and the upper bourgeoisie
      - Equestrian portraits
    - - substituted
        
        gold backgrounds of the Gothic artists
        
        became
        
        defining feature of all compositions
    - - Classical Antiquity
  - - - patron
        
        member of the powerful Medici family
        
        painted by
        
        Florentine Sandro Botticelli
        
        tempera technique
    - - reality
      - technique
        
        perspective
        
        depth and volume to scenes, objects and figures.
      - sculpture
    - - Perspective
        
        figures in different planes
        
        distant
      - aerial perspective
        
        blurring
        
        using contrasts of light