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Ethnographic Research, DEYSI Y. OJO V. - Coggle Diagram

- - - - methodological observation
        
         The two possible alternatives must be clearly formulated. Checks carried out show that very different answers are obtained, if the formulation of the question contains only one or both alternatives.
        
         Use the appropriate term, appropriate to what you want to measure. Seemingly similar shapes lead to very different results.
        
         In some cases, inserting a third possibility does not change the dichotomous nature of the question.
    - - Direct observation has some advantages and disadvantages for its development.
        
        advantages
        
         It is possible to record the behavior simultaneously with its attendance. There are no retrospective or anticipated elements
        
         It does not depend on the ability of the interviewer to give the information.
        
         It does not depend on the desire of the interviewer to give or not give information.
        
         When the observer is not known there will be no reaction. That is, the subject does not influence the instrument or is influenced by it.
        
        disadvantages
        
        Difficulty of being present at any moment or interval in which the phenomenon occurs.
        
        Only externalized behavior can be studied. Difficulty knowing attitudes.
        
         Difficulty writing down or recording information.
        
         Validity and reliability problem. Risk of the observer becoming a participant in the phenomenon studied.
    - - Non-Participant Observation
        
        the researcher only plays the role of researcher and observes situations of interest.
        
        The researcher is, theoretically, oblivious to these processes, and adopts the technique of "the fly on the wall"
    - - The results of a scientific investigation, whatever its branch of knowledge, must be presented in an absolutely clean and sincere way.
- - - - Initial Interview
        
        the interviews are the same as in other aspects of the investigation; and they always revolve around confidence, curiosity and naturalness. Nobody talks just to anyone.
        
        A good test of what these qualities imply lies in thinking about what type of person one would be willing to confide some of their most intimate secrets.
    - - Open Interview
        
        The place where the interview is carried out, how it is graduated, the relationships that exist between the people involved and all the forms it takes, are many other decisive problems.
        
        In practice these formal interviews are difficult to do without, but they can be prepared and conducted within the general ethnographic spirit.
    - - Semi-structured interview
        
        The interviewees can look for another type of contract. If that is a way to acquire valuable information, the contract is worth it, although there is never a lack of possibilities for further negotiation to ensure optimal results for the investigation.
        
        It becomes participant observation, and the researcher can extract all the benefits from it, including concomitant affective reactions.
    - - Structured Interviews
        
        This means starting out nicely and not asking intimate or intimidating questions. A number of polite formulas can be used and presented in a pleasant manner.
        
        An overly studied presentation can lead to suspicions that you are not an imposter, just the opposite of what you are trying to achieve.
- - - -  That the Participant is able to establish the intervening dimensions and diverse interests.
        
        Intervening Dimensions
        
        Field notes should include not only descriptions of what happens in a setting, but also a record of the researcher's feelings, interpretations, intuitions, preconceptions, and future areas of inquiry.
      - That the Participant is able to choose suitable spaces and research subjects.
        
        Spaces and Subjects
        
        A detailed description of the setting and the position of the people within it provides important insights into the nature of the activities.
      -  That the Participant is able to record observation and interview records.
        
        Various Records
        
        Gestures, non-verbal communication, tone of voice, and speed of speech help people interpret the meaning of their words.
      -  That the Participant can analyze the information obtained.
        
        Formal Analysis
        
        Perhaps the tentative reflection, which takes place from the collection of data, the one that produces the most important apprehensions; it can vary in the degree of complexity.
- - - - Rudimentary Empirics
        
        is to give the material a shape that is conducive to such ends, and this means ordering the data in a coherent, complete, logical and succinct way.
    - - Parallel Readings
        
        Sometimes these adopt the formulation of cultural symbols normally encoded in native terms that are discovered in field work and decoded in analysis.
    - - Diagnostic tests
        
        The main emphasis has been placed on discovery rather than theory testing, but this does not include that the analysis is both guided by data collection and guides such collection.
    - - Initial Visions of Solution
        
        the analysis occurs simultaneously with the data collection. When it is observed, it is interviewed, field notes are taken and the research journal is made, the work of the ethnographer is not limited to recording.