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Italian and German unification, image, image, image, image, image, image,…
Italian and German unification
Germany and Italy
they had been divided into many smal states
These divisions were confrimed by the Congress of Vienna
Nationalist movements succeeded in unifying of these countries
Italian unification (1859-1870)
factors that caused a growth in nationalism
The Congress of Vienna left the Italian Peninsula divided into seven states.
Nationalist and liberal successes in other countries
The failure of the Revolutions of 1848 also encouraged nationalism
Important figures supported Italian unification
Unification process
was initiated by piedmont-Sardinia
1859
Victor Emmanuel II and Cavour tried to extend their kingdom's
the Piedmontese expelled the Austrians from Lombardy
with the help of Napoleon III
Piedmont annexed Parma, Modena and Tuscany
Italian nationalists
was led by Garibaldi
a prestigious politican and military leader
he conqueres the Kingdom of the 2 Sicilies in 1860
In 1866
Piedmontese and Garibaldi took control of Venetia
Austria had been defeated by Prussia
Italy
became a parliamentary monarchy
with Victor Emmanuel II (the king)
Roma became the capital of the new kingdom
German unification (1866-1871)
factors of the unification
the German Confederation was divided into 39 states
liberal and nationalist ideas were popular in Germany
the Frankfurt Parliament tried to create a unified state with universal manhood suffrage
In 1834, a customs union (the Zollverein) had been establishe
Otto von Bismarck
was named Chancellor of Prussia in 1862
he started the process of unification
he expelled the Austrians from the German Confederation after the Battle of Sadowa in 1866
he achieved the unification of the northern states
2nd phase of unification
Bismarck
dfeated Napoleon III of France
because Napoleon wanted to limit Prussian expansion
Prussia annexed Alsace-Lorraine from France
German princes decided to unite with Prussia
1871
Germany became the Second Reich
the unification process ended
Berlin became the capital and Wilhelm I became emperor
consequences of unification
Both unifications affected European International relations
consequences
German Empire became Europe's dominant power
Austro-Hungarian Empire lost power and influence in both Italy and Germany
France's defeat by Prussia led to the collapse of Napoleon III's Second Empire,
France and Austro-Hungarian
they had been weakened by these events
Russian Empire decided to expand towards the Balkans
to gain access to the Mediterranean Sea
