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Mastication & Deglutition, Dyandra Wirahana Hasan, 2106717682 - Coggle…
Mastication & Deglutition
Explain the function of saliva in the mastication process
General Function
Pellicle Formation
Maintenance of tooth integrity
buffering
Protection
Antimicrobial Action
Tissue Repair
Digestion
Taste
function in digestion
Lingual lipase enzyme
breaks down triacylglycerols into mono and diacylglycerols and free (nonesterified) fatty acids (NEFA)
Mucins
form food bolus and help the swallowing process of food bolus by lubricating it
Amylase enzyme
starch into maltose
Explain muscle anatomy and
mucosal mastication
Temporalis
Originates in the temporal fossa between the infratemporal crest and inferior temporal line on the parietal bone; deep surface of the temporalis fascia
Insertion in the coronoid process and ramus of the mandible
Fan shaped muscle
Innervated by deep temporal nerves (trigeminal nerve, mandibular division, anterior division)
Pterygoideus
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
Masseter
rectangular shaped muscle
insertion in the ramus and and angle of mandible
Originates under the zygomatic arch
Action to elevate and protract angle of the mandible, applies force for mastication
Explain the mechanism of the innervation and kinesiology of the tongue.
Sensory
General somatic afferent (GSA)
Glossopharyngeal
Internal laryngeal
lingual
Special visceral afferent
Chorda tympani
Glossopharyngeal
nternal laryngeal
motoric
Hypoglossal
Pharyngeal plexus
Pharyngeal branch of the vagus
Pharyngeal branch of the vagus
Cranial part of the spinal
accessory n.
kinesiology
Suckling
Simple tongue protrusion
Sucking
Tongue tip elevation
Munching
Lateral tongue movement
Explain the physiological and biochemical aspects of the mastication process
Physiological
Closing
Power Stroke
Opening
Biochemical
Salivary amylase
sublingual glands
Lingual Lipase
submaxillary glands
parotid glands
Explain aspects of nerve coordination, muscle movements, anatomical structures, structures, and the organs of the oral cavity, nasopharynx, and laryngopharynx in the deglutition process
pharyngeal phase
it is a involuntary movement of the bolus from the oropharynx into the esophagus. During this phase the respiratory is blocked to prevent choking. If someone speaks or inhales while swallowing, this might happen. The swallowing center, which is situated in the lower pons and medulla oblongata of the brainstem, controls the pharyngeal phase. The nucleus ambiguus in the reticular formation, in particular, is a portion of the swallowing center and is in charge of generating general somatic efferent signals.
esophangeal phase
it is a voluntary movement ot he bolus from the eshopagus into the stomach. the food bolus are pushed from the pharynx into the eshopagus. . after all the bolus are has fully entered, the upper esophagus is closed. he food bolus then moves through the esophagus via peristalsis, the sequential contractions of adjacent smooth muscle to propel food in one direction. this movement are also effected by thegravity. The esophagus pierces the diaphragm at the esophageal hiatus, and continues to join the stomach at the cardiac orifice, which is surrounded by the lower esophageal sphincter
oral phase
it is a voluntary movement of the bolus from the oral cavity into the oropharynx. it is the first stage of deglutition and also known as buccal phase. it involves tongue to push the masticated food to the oropharynx. The pressure that the food bolus places on the posterior oropharynx activates the oropharyngeal sensory receptors of the glossopharyngeal nerve which then send signals to the solitary nucleus in the swallowing center located in the lower pons and medulla oblongata of the brainstem
Explain the physiological aspects of the deglutition process.
Deglutition or swallowing is a complex mechanism where food are pushed from oral cavity into the esophagus and to the stomach.
This synchronized movement is created by the reflexive and voluntary activities of about 30 nerves and muscle
Because the swallowing mechanism shares anatomy with the airway, it functions as a critical guardian of the airway in addition to moving food into the digestive tract.
Because the swallowing mechanism shares anatomy with the airway, it functions as a critical guardian of the airway in addition to moving food into the digestive tract.
Because its intricacy can cause major problems in certain people, speech-language pathology and swallowing rehabilitation are separate areas.
Swallowing is an essential and complex behavior learned very early in development.
Dyandra Wirahana Hasan
2106717682